Nanomedicine-based strategies for the treatment of vein graft disease by Zhuoming Zhou & Wei Chen & Yihai Cao & Reza Abdi & Wei Tao ISBN 10.1038/S41569-024-01094-Y instant download

Nanomedicine-based strategies for the treatment of vein graft disease by Zhuoming Zhou & Wei Chen & Yihai Cao & Reza Abdi & Wei Tao ISBN 10.1038/S41569-024-01094-Y instant download

Abstract:

Autologous saphenous veins are the most frequently used conduits

for coronary and peripheral artery bypass grafting. However, vein

graft failure rates of 40–50% within 10 years of the implantation

lead to poor long-term outcomes after bypass surgery. Currently,

only a few therapeutic approaches for vein graft disease have been

successfully translated into clinical practice. Building on the past

two decades of advanced understanding of vein graft biology and

the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vein graft disease,

nanomedicine-based strategies offer promising opportunities to

address this important unmet clinical need. In this Review, we provide

deep insight into the latest developments in the rational design

and applications of nanoparticles that have the potential to target

specific cells during various pathophysiological stages of vein graft

disease, including early endothelial dysfunction, intermediate intimal

hyperplasia and late-stage accelerated atherosclerosis. Additionally,

we underscore the convergence of nanofabricated biomaterials,

with a particular focus on hydrogels, external graft support devices

and cell-based therapies, alongside bypass surgery to improve local

delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide a

specific discussion on the considerations, challenges and novel

perspectives for the future clinical translation of nanomedicine for

the treatment of vein graft disease.