(Ebook) Postharvest Plant Pathology 1st Edition by NG RAVICHANDRA ISBN 9781032158860 1032158867

1. Concept and Types of Postharvest Diseases

1.1. Postharvest food loss due to diseases

1.2. Categories of postharvest diseases

1.3. Pathogens causing postharvest diseases

1.4. Infection process

1.4.1. Pre-harvest infection

1.4.2. Effect of bruising in infection

1.4.3. Disease associated with excessive preharvest fruit drop

1.4.4. Postharvest infection

1.5. Latent infections in the pre- and postharvest environment

1.5.1. Mechanisms of quiescence

1.5.2. Major types of penetration of postharvest pathogens

1.5.3. Modes of infection by postharvest pathogens

1.5.4. Host physiological status

References

2. Postharvest Diseases

2.1. Seed borne diseases

2.2. Classification of postharvest diseases

2.2.1. Diseases of stored seeds and food grains

2.3. Storage fungi and toxins

2.4. Major pathogens of postharvest fruits and vegetables

2.4.1. Penicillium digitatum (Green mold, Blue mold)

2.4.2. Botrytis cinerea (Grey mold rot)

2.4.3. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Bitter rot)

2.4.4. Alternaria alternata (Black Rot, Black Spot)

2.4.5. Mucor pyriformis (Mucor Rot )

2.4.6. Monilinia fructicola (Brown Rot )

2.4.7. Rhizopus spp. (Bread mold/Soft Rots )

2.4.8. Cladosporium spp., (Bread mold)

2.4.9. Phomopsis spp., (Stem end rot / Stem canker/ Spots)

2.4.10. Phytophthora (Rots)

2.4.11. Aspergillus niger (Black mould)

2.4.12. Galactomyces citri-aurantii (Formerly Geotrichum candidum)

2.4.13. Lasiodiplodia (Botryodiplodia) theobromae

2.4.14. Fusarium rot

2.4.15. Phoma rot

2.4.16. Rhizoctonia solani (Rots)

2.4.17. Diplodia stem-end rot

2.4.18. Ceratocystis paradoxa (Black rot)

2.4.19. Curvularia rots

2.4.20. Sclerotium rot (Sclerotium rolfsii)

2.4.21. Choanephora cucurbitarum (Wet Rot)

2.4.22. Phytophthora parasitica (Rots)

2.4.23. Pythium aphanidermatum (Soft rots)

2.4.24. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (White mold)

2.5. Symptoms of postharvest diseases of fruits

2.6. Symptoms of postharvest diseases of vegetable and other crops

References

3. Factors Governing Postharvest Diseases

3.1. Pre harvest and postharvest infections

3.2. Factors affecting postharvest diseases

References

4. storage Conditions and Food safety Issues

4.1. Packing and storage environments

4.2. Effect of storage environment on postharvest decay

4.3. Temperature and relative humidity management

4.4. Refrigerated transport and storage

4.5. Treatments to reduce microbial contamination

4.6. Modified atmosphere storage

4.7. Ethylene exclusion and removal

4.8. Postharvest care

4.9. Storage environment

4.10. Food safety issues

4.10.1. Regulation for minimizing pathogen contamination

4.10.2. Pre-harvest food safety: WHO Report

4.10.3. Future areas for improving management practices

4.10.4. Future directions at National and International levels

References

5. Quiescence in Postharvest Pathogens

5.1. Quiescence

5.2. Q uiescent stages

5.3. Quiescence and postharvest disease development

5.4. Mechanism of pathogenesis during postharvest decay

5.5. Importance of pH in quiescence

5.6. Genomic and transcriptomic studies of host factors that modulate quiescence in plant-fungal interactions

5.7. Managing quiescent infections

References

6. Mycotoxins

6.1. Major mycotoxins

6.1.1. Aflatoxins

6.1.2. Citrinin

6.1.3. Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin)

6.1.4. Ergot alkaloids

6.1.5. Fumonisins

6.1.6. Ochratoxin

6.1.7. Patulin

6.1.8. Trichothecenes

6.1.9. Zearalenone

6.1.10. Cyclopiazonic acid

6.1.11. P enitrem

6.1.12. T-2 toxin

6.1.13. Other mycotoxins and purported mycotoxicoses

6.2. Mycoses and Mycotoxicoses

6.2.1. Mycotoxins and human health

6.2.2. Fungalbionics

6.3. Bioterrorism

6.4. Symptoms and diagnosis

6.5. Management of mycotoxins

6.5.1. Pre harvest management of mycotoxins

6.5.2. Postharvest management of mycotoxins

6.5.3. Inactivation of mycotoxins

6.5.4. Chemical methods

6.5.5. Biomanagement

References

7. Postharvest Disease Management

7.1. Principles of postharvest disease management

7.2. Management strategies

7.3. Postharvest treatments designed to minimize produce contamination and to maximize quality

7.4. Postharvest care

7.5. The nature of postharvest management

7.6. Postharvest treatments

7.6.1. Chlorination

7.6.2. Ethylene inhibitors/Thermal / fungicide treatments

7.6.3. Fumigation

7.6.4. Irradiation

7.6.5. Nanopartilces and salts

7.6.6. Waxing

7.6. Biofungicides

7.7. Managing quiescent infections

7.8. Biofumigation

7.9. Natural microbial antagonists

7.10. Chemical fungicides

7.11. Bactericides

7.12. Alternative eco-friendly approaches

7.12.1. Nanoparticles

7.12.2. Chitosan

7.12.3. Essential oils

7.12.4. Plant extracts

7.12.5. Acetic acid, peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide

7.12.6. Salts

7.12.7. Jasmonic and salicylic acid

7.12.8. Coatings and edible film from natural sources

7.12.9. Ultrasound

7.12.10. Fogging

7.12.11. Plant latex

7.12.12. Seaweed extracts

7.12.13. Photosensitization

7.12.14. Biomolecules

References

8. Integrated Management of Postharvest Diseases

8.1. Categories

8.2. Management options

8.3. Postharvest IDM Tools

8.4. Integrated approach in a nut shell

8.5. Holistic approach

8.6. Integrated management in stored grains

References

9. Postharvest Nematode Diseases and Their Management

9.1. General characteristics of phytonematodes

9.2. Major nematodes of postharvest significance:

9.2.1. Cyst nematodes of potato (Globodera rostochiensis & G. pallida)

9.2.2. Potato rot nematode (Ditylenchus destructor)

9.2.3. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

9.2.4. Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) & Spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus multicinctus)

9.2.5. Seed gall nematode (Anguina tritici)

9.2.6. Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae)

9.2.7. Nematodes infesting rice

9.2.8. Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.)

9.2.9. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)

9.2.10. Mushroom nematodes (Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Aphelenchoides composticola)

9.2.11. Red ring nematode of coconut (Rhadinaphelenchus / Bursaphelenchus cocophilus)

9.2.12. Cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.)

9.2.13. Stem & bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci)

9.3. Symptoms of major postharvest nematode diseases

References

10. Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Postharvest Diseases

10.1. Postharvest disease development

10.1.1. Botrytis and Colletotrichum Models

10.1.2. Strawberry-Botrytis cinerea pathosystem

10.1.3. Unripe fruit tolerance and changes occurring during ripening

10.2. Host factors modulating postharvest fungal development

10.3. Pathogen-modified factors present in the host

10.4. Natural host factors affecting the pathogen

10.4.1. Phytohormones

10.4.2. Jasmonate-salicylate crosstalk

10.4.3. Not only SA and JA crosstalk

10.4.4. Ethylene dual role in ripening and defense response

10.4.5. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) role

10.4.6. Cuticle and fatty acid biosynthesis

10.4.7. Cell wall remodeling and soluble sugar accumulation

10.4.8. Cell wall modifications

10.4.9. pH change during fruit ripening and fungal colonization

10.4.10. Preformed and inducible antifungal resistance

10.4.11. Inducible phenylpropanoid metabolism

10.4.12. Roles of extracellular proteins in pathogenesis

10.4.13. Significance of salicylic acid in postharvest physiology of crops

10.4.14. Hijacking of ripening regulation by Botrytis cinerea

10.4.15. Mechanisms of defence and avoidance against Botrytis cinerea

10.4.16. Molecular aspects in pathogen-fruit interactions: Virulence and Resistance

10.4.17. New technologies for studying host-pathogen interactions in postharvest fruit systems

References