(Ebook) MRI of the Liver A Practical Guide 1st edition by J A Robinson Philip, Janice Ward 0824728718 9780824728717

(Ebook) MRI of the Liver A Practical Guide 1st edition by J A Robinson Philip, Janice Ward 0824728718 9780824728717

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ISBN-10 :  0824728718 

ISBN-13 :  9780824728717

Author:  J.A. Robinson Philip, Janice Ward 

With 2300 radiological images dispersed throughout the text, this source provides an expansive armamentarium of case studies and examples showcasing both common and uncommon liver pathologies. Serving as an unparalleled how-to source for the investigation of liver disease by MRI, this guide demonstrates key MRI techniques currently utilized in clinical practice, as well as explains the choice of acquisition sequences, specific parameters, and the use of contrast media for each application.

MRI of the Liver: A Practical Guide 1st Table of contents:

PART A Why, When, and How to Perform MRI of the Liver
Chapter 1 An Introduction to the Role of MRI in Liver Disease
A Frame of Reference for Approaching Imaging in Liver Disease
Recent Developments in Mr and Other Imaging Techniques
Current Choices for Imaging The Liver
Defining The Appropriate Clinical Applications of Liver Mri
Is there a liver lesion?
What is the nature of the lesion?
The results of liver MRI—Is it worthwhile?
References
Chapter 2 Techniques for MRI of the Liver
Gradients, Sampling Frequency, Bandwith, and Echo Time (Te)
Parallel Acquisition Techniques
Reducing Breathing Artifact
Reducing Ghosting and Flow Artifacts
Susceptibility
Chemical Shift
First-Order Chemical Shift
Second-Order Chemical Shift
Fat Suppression
T2-Weighted Imaging
Greater T2 Weighting
Single Shot Fse Sequences
Stir Sequences
Hybrid Sequences
True Fisp/Balanced Ffe Sequences
T2-Weighted Gre
T1-Weighted Imaging
Chemical Shift Imaging
Dynamic Gadolinium-Enhanced Imaging
Imaging The Non-Compliant Patient
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 3 Contrast Agents for Liver MRI
Non-Specific Extra-Cellular (Ecf) Gadolinium Agents
Contrast Dosage and Administration
Choice of Acquisition Sequence Parameters
Tailoring the Acquisition for Individual Patients
Timing the Dynamic Acquisition Phases
Normal and Abnormal Enhancement
Tissue-Specific Contrast Agents
Hepatocyte Agents
Gadobenate
Gadoxetic Acid
Mangafodipir
Reticulo-Endothelial System (Kupffer Cell) Agents
Ferumoxides
Ferucarbotran
Choice of Acquisition Sequence Parameters
Diagnostic Value of Contrast Agents
Lesion Detection
Lesion Characterization
Dual Contrast Mri
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 4 Normal and Variant Anatomy, and Imaging Artifacts
Hepatic Arterial Anatomy
Venous Anatomy
Segmental Or Wedge-Shaped Signal Intensity Changes
Perfusion
Hilar or Intrahepatic Tumor Causing Obstruction of Portal Vein Branches
Localized Portal Hypoperfusion Not Associated with Tumor
Traumatic Arterio-Portal Shunts
Non-Portal Venous Inflow to the Liver
Increased Arterial Perfusion in the Presence of Normal Portal Inflow
MRI Appearances
Non-Portal Venous Inflow To The Liver
Para-Umbilical Veins—The Veins of Burow and the Inferior Vein of Sappey
The Superior Veins of Sappey
Cholecystic Veins
Parabiliary Veins
Capsular Veins
Post-Operative Venous Anomalies
MRI Appearances
Lymphatic Drainage From The Liver
Post-Resection Anatomy
Artifacts From Clips, Stents, Coils, Etc.
Illustrative Figures
References
PART B MRI for Characterizing Focal Lesions in the Non-Cirrhotic Liver
Chapter 5 Cysts and Cyst-Like Lesions of the Liver
Simple Liver Cysts
Polycystic Disease
Other Developmental Cysts
Hydatid Cysts
Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma
Hamartoma and Biliary Adenoma
Differential Diagnosis of Cysts and Cyst-Like Lesions
Cysts etc. vs. Metastases
Differential Diagnosis of Larger Cystic Lesions
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 6 Solid Masses in the Non-Cirrhotic Liver
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Incidence
Cause
Pathology
MRI Appearances
Atypical Features of FNH
Differential Diagnosis of FNH
Adenoma
MRI Appearances
Differential Diagnosis
Hemangioma
Incidence
Pathology
Presentation
MRI Appearances
Atypical Hemangiomas
Co-Morbidities
Differential Diagnosis
Angiomyolipoma
Peripheral Cholangiocarcinoma
MRI Appearances
Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in The Non-Cirrhotic Liver
MRI Appearances
Fibrolamellar Hcc
MRI Appearances
Inflammatory Pseudotumor
MRI Appearances
Hepatic Lymphoma
MRI Appearances
Miscellaneous Tumors
Illustrative Figures
References
PART C MRI in Diffuse Liver Disease
Chapter 7 Fat and the Liver
The Importance of Fat in Liver Disease
Causes of Fatty Liver
Imaging The Fatty Liver
Chemical Shift Mri
Geographic Distribution of Fatty Change
Tumors in The Fatty Liver
Fat in Liver Tumors
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 8 Structural and Vascular Changes in Diffuse Liver Disease
Hepatitis and Liver Fibrosis
MRI Appearances
Iron and The Liver
Iron Metabolism
Genetic Hemochromatosis
Other Causes of Iron Overload
Siderotic Nodules
Is Iron Carcinogenic?
MRI Appearances of Iron Deposition
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
MRI Appearances
Cirrhosis
Lobar Morphology in Cirrhosis
The Nodular Architecture of The Cirrhotic Liver
Portal Hypertension and Portal Vein Thrombosis
MRI Appearances
Other Non-Cirrhotic Conditions Causing Disturbed Liver Architecture
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
MRI Appearances
Peliosis
MRI Appearances
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia
MRI Appearances
Pseudo-Cirrhosis
Post-Necrotic Scarring
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 9 Detecting Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Cirrhotic Liver
Dysplastic Nodules
Pathology
MRI Appearances
Dysplasia and HCC
Why Look for Hcc in Cirrhosis?
Who Is At High Risk of Hcc in Cirrhosis?
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
MRI Appearances
Unenhanced Imaging
Post-Gd T1w Imaging
Heterogeneity
Capsule
Vascular Invasion
Hepatocyte-Specific Contrast Agents
SPIO Contrast
Accuracy of MRI in Detecting HCC
Non-Hepatocellular Focal Lesions in The Cirrhotic Liver
An Approach To The Differential Diagnosis of Cirrhotic Nodules
Size
Appearance on Unenhanced T1w Images
Appearance on T2w Images
Chemical Shift Imaging
Enhancement with Gadolinium
Appearances Following Tissue-Specific Contrast Agents
SPIO
Hepatocyte Agents
“Unidentified Bright Objects”
Anomalies of Vascular Perfusion
Benign Hypervascular Nodules
Illustrative Figures
References
PART D MRI in Metastatic Disease of the Liver
Chapter 10 Early Detection of Liver Metastases by MRI
The Role and Value of Imaging
Microscopic Metastases
The True Accuracy of Imaging
Optimizing Mr Technique for Detecting Small Metastases
Unenhanced Images
Dynamic Gd-Enhancement
Tissue-Specific Contrast Agents
Relative Performance of Dynamic Gd-Enhanced Imaging and Post-Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Imaging
Recommendations
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 11 Characterization of Liver Metastases
Mr Appearances of Liver Metastases
Morphology
Signal Intensity on Unenhanced MR Images
Contrast Enhancement Characteristics
Differential Diagnosis
Distinguishing Liver Metastases from Benign Lesions
Metastases Versus Simple Cysts
Metastases Versus Biliary Hamartomas (Von Meyenberg Complexes)
Metastases Versus Hemangiomas
Metastasis Versus Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Metastasis Versus Hepatic Adenoma
Metastases Versus Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Metastases Versus Hepatic Abscesses
Distinguishing Metastases from Primary Liver Malignancies
Metastasis Versus Peripheral Cholangiocarcinoma
Metastasis Versus Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Metastasis Versus Sporadic HCC
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 12 MRI of Liver Tumors After Treatment
Post-Operative Anatomy and Surgical Residues
Types of Procedure
Interpreting Post-Operative Anatomy
“Normal” Surgical Residues
Effects of Chemotherapy
Effects of Chemotherapy on Liver Parenchyma
Fatty Change
Fibrosis
Pseudocirrhosis
Effects of Chemotherapy on Tumors
Size and Morphology
Signal Intensity Changes
Thermal Ablation
Tumor Response
Residual and Recurrent Tumor
Transarterial Chemo-Embolization
Tumor Response
Residual and Recurrent Tumor
Differential Diagnosis
Post-Operative Residues or Tumor?
Fat or Tumor?
Cyst or Tumor?
Venous Thrombosis or Tumor?
Bile Duct Stenosis or Tumor?
Recurrent Disease
Illustrative Figures
References
PART E Liver MRI for Biliary Obstruction
Chapter 13 Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimics
Associations
Anatomic Classification
Morphology and Modes of Spread
Clinical Presentation
Treatment
Objectives of Imaging
Mri Techniques
Appearances on Mri
Differential Diagnosis
Illustrative Figures
References
Chapter 14 Some Unsolved Problems in Liver Imaging
Limitations in Detecting Small Volume Disease
How to Do Better with MRI
Improving Contrast Resolution
Attributes of SPIO-Enhanced Imaging
Attributes of Tissue-Specific T1 Agents
The Problem of Specificity
Small Hypervascular Nodules in The Cirrhotic Liver
References
Detecting Small lesions
Small Hypervascular Nodules in Cirrhosis

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