(Ebook) UNIX Power Tools 3rd Edition by Jerry Peek, Shelley Powers, Tim OReilly, Mike Loukides ISBN 9780596103699 0596103697

(Ebook) UNIX Power Tools 3rd Edition by Jerry Peek, Shelley Powers, Tim OReilly, Mike Loukides ISBN 9780596103699 0596103697

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ISBN 10: 0596103697
ISBN 13: 9780596103699
Author: Jerry Peek, Shelley Powers, Tim OReilly, Mike Loukides

(Ebook) UNIX Power Tools 3rd Edition Table of contents:

Part I

Introduction

1.1 What’s Special About Unix?

1.2 Power Grows on You

1.3 The Core of Unix

1.4 Communication with Unix

1.5 Programs Are Designed to Work Together

1.6 There Are Many Shells

1.7 Which Shell Am I Running?

1.8 Anyone Can Program the Shell

1.9 Internal and External Commands

1.10 The Kernel and Daemons

1.11 Filenames

1.12 Filename Extensions

1.13 Wildcards

1.14 The Tree Structure of the Filesystem

1.15 Your Home Directory

1.16 Making Pathnames

1.17 File Access Permissions

1.18 The Superuser (Root)

1.19 When Is a File Not a File?

1.20 Scripting

1.21 Unix Networking and Communications

1.22 The X Window System

Getting Help

2.1 The man Command

2.2 whatis: One-Line Command Summaries

2.3 whereis: Finding Where a Command Is Located

2.4 Searching Online Manual Pages

2.5 How Unix Systems Remember Their Names

2.6 Which Version Am I Using?

2.7 What tty Am I On?

2.8 Who’s On?

2.9 The info Command

Part II

Setting Up Your Unix Shell

3.1 What Happens When You Log In

3.2 The Mac OS X Terminal Application

3.3 Shell Setup Files—Which, Where, and Why

3.4 Login Shells, Interactive Shells

Login Shells

Interactive Shells

3.5 What Goes in Shell Setup Files?

3.6 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready

3.7 Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files

3.8 Setup Files Aren’t Read When You Want?

3.9 Gotchas in set prompt Test

3.10 Automatic Setups for Different Terminals

3.11 Terminal Setup: Testing TERM

3.12 Terminal Setup: Testing Remote Hostname and X Display

3.13 Terminal Setup: Testing Port

3.14 Terminal Setup: Testing Environment Variables

3.15 Terminal Setup: Searching Terminal Table

3.16 Terminal Setup: Testing Window Size

3.17 Terminal Setup: Setting and Testing Window Name

3.18 A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup

3.19 Making a “Login” Shell

3.20 RC Files

3.21 Make Your Own Manpages Without Learning troff

3.22 Writing a Simple Manpage with the –man Macros

Interacting with Your Environment

4.1 Basics of Setting the Prompt

4.2 Static Prompts

4.3 Dynamic Prompts

4.4 Simulating Dynamic Prompts

4.5 C-Shell Prompt Causes Problems in vi, rsh, etc.

4.6 Faster Prompt Setting with Built-ins

4.7 Multiline Shell Prompts

4.8 Session Info in Window Title or Status Line

4.9 A “Menu Prompt” for Naive Users

4.10 Highlighting and Color in Shell Prompts

4.11 Right-Side Prompts

4.12 Show Subshell Level with $SHLVL

4.13 What Good Is a Blank Shell Prompt?

4.14 dirs in Your Prompt: Better Than $cwd

4.15 External Commands Send Signals to Set Variables

4.16 Preprompt, Pre-execution, and Periodic Commands

4.17 Running Commands When You Log Out

4.18 Running Commands at Bourne/Korn Shell Logout

4.19 Stop Accidental Bourne-Shell Logouts

Getting the Most out of Terminals, xterm, and X Windows

5.1 There’s a Lot to Know About Terminals

5.2 The Idea of a Terminal Database

5.3 Setting the Terminal Type When You Log In

5.4 Querying Your Terminal Type: qterm

5.5 Querying Your xterm Size: resize

5.6 Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In

Output Stopped?

Job Stopped?

Program Waiting for Input?

Stalled Data Connection?

Aborting Programs

5.7 Find Out Terminal Settings with stty

5.8 Setting Your Erase, Kill, and Interrupt Characters

5.9 Working with xterm and Friends

5.10 Login xterms and rxvts

5.11 Working with Scrollbars

5.12 How Many Lines to Save?

5.13 Simple Copy and Paste in xterm

5.14 Defining What Makes Up a Word for Selection Purposes

5.15 Setting the Titlebar and Icon Text

5.16 The Simple Way to Pick a Font

5.17 The xterm Menus

5.18 Changing Fonts Dynamically

VT Fonts Menu

Enabling Escape Sequence and Selection

5.19 Working with xclipboard

5.20 Problems with Large Selections

5.21 Tips for Copy and Paste Between Windows

5.22 Running a Single Command with xterm –e

5.23 Don’t Quote Arguments to xterm –e

Your X Environment

6.1 Defining Keys and Button Presses with xmodmap

6.2 Using xev to Learn Keysym Mappings

6.3 X Resource Syntax

6.4 X Event Translations

6.5 Setting X Resources: Overview

6.6 Setting Resources with the –xrm Option

6.7 How –name Affects Resources

6.8 Setting Resources with xrdb

6.9 Listing the Current Resources for a Client: appres

6.10 Starting Remote X Clients

Starting Remote X Clients from Interactive Logins

Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh

Part III

Directory Organization

7.1 What? Me, Organized?

7.2 Many Homes

7.3 Access to Directories

7.4 A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts

7.5 Private (Personal) Directories

7.6 Naming Files

7.7 Make More Directories!

7.8 Making Directories Made Easier

Directories and Files

8.1 Everything but the find Command

8.2 The Three Unix File Times

8.3 Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls –t and ls –u

8.4 List All Subdirectories with ls –R

8.5 The ls –d Option

8.6 Color ls

Trying It

Configuring It

The --color Option

Another color ls

8.7 Some GNU ls Features

8.8 A csh Alias to List Recently Changed Files

8.9 Showing Hidden Files with ls –A and –a

8.10 Useful ls Aliases

8.11 Can’t Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name

8.12 Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames

8.13 Counting Files by Types

8.14 Listing Files by Age and Size

8.15 newer: Print the Name of the Newest File

8.16 oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links

8.17 Picking a Unique Filename Automatically

Finding Files with find

9.1 How to Use find

9.2 Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree

9.3 Don’t Forget –print

9.4 Looking for Files with Particular Names

9.5 Searching for Old Files

9.6 Be an Expert on find Search Operators

9.7 The Times That find Finds

9.8 Exact File-Time Comparisons

9.9 Running Commands on What You Find

9.10 Using –exec to Create Custom Tests

9.11 Custom –exec Tests Applied

9.12 Finding Many Things with One Command

9.13 Searching for Files by Type

9.14 Searching for Files by Size

9.15 Searching for Files by Permission

9.16 Searching by Owner and Group

9.17 Duplicating a Directory Tree

9.18 Using “Fast find” Databases

9.19 Wildcards with “Fast find” Database

9.20 Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database

9.21 grepping a Directory Tree

9.22 lookfor: Which File Has That Word?

9.23 Using Shell Arrays to Browse Directories

Using the Stored Lists

Expanding Ranges

9.24 Finding the (Hard) Links to a File

9.25 Finding Files with –prune

9.26 Quick finds in the Current Directory

9.27 Skipping Parts of a Tree in find

9.28 Keeping find from Searching Networked Filesystem

Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files

10.1 What’s So Complicated About Copying Files

10.2 What’s Really in a Directory?

10.3 Files with Two or More Names

10.4 More About Links

Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links

Links to a Directory

10.5 Creating and Removing Links

10.6 Stale Symbolic Links

10.7 Linking Directories

10.8 Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links

10.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files

10.10 Renaming a List of Files Interactively

10.11 One More Way to Do It

10.12 Copying Directory Trees with cp –r

10.13 Copying Directory Trees with tar and Pipes

Comparing Files

11.1 Checking Differences with diff

11.2 Comparing Three Different Versions with diff3

11.3 Context diffs

11.4 Side-by-Side diffs: sdiff

11.5 Choosing Sides with sdiff

11.6 Problems with diff and Tabstops

11.7 cmp and diff

11.8 Comparing Two Files with comm

11.9 More Friendly comm Output

11.10 make Isn’t Just for Programmers!

11.11 Even More Uses for make

Showing What’s in a File

12.1 Cracking the Nut

12.2 What Good Is a cat?

12.3 “less” is More

12.4 Show Nonprinting Characters with cat –v or od –c

12.5 What’s in That Whitespace?

12.6 Finding File Types

12.7 Squash Extra Blank Lines

12.8 How to Look at the End of a File: tail

12.9 Finer Control on tail

12.10 How to Look at Files as They Grow

12.11 GNU tail File Following

12.12 Printing the Top of a File

12.13 Numbering Lines

Searching Through Files

13.1 Different Versions of grep

13.2 Searching for Text with grep

13.3 Finding Text That Doesn’t Match

13.4 Extended Searching for Text with egrep

13.5 grepping for a List of Patterns

13.6 Approximate grep: agrep

13.7 Search RCS Files with rcsgrep

rcsgrep, rcsegrep, rcsfgrep

rcsegrep.fast

13.8 GNU Context greps

13.9 A Multiline Context grep Using sed

13.10 Compound Searches

13.11 Narrowing a Search Quickly

13.12 Faking Case-Insensitive Searches

13.13 Finding a Character in a Column

13.14 Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with “look”

13.15 Finding Words Inside Binary Files

13.16 A Highlighting grep

Removing Files

14.1 The Cycle of Creation and Destruction

14.2 How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes

14.3 rm and Its Dangers

14.4 Tricks for Making rm Safer

14.5 Answer “Yes” or “No” Forever with yes

14.6 Remove Some, Leave Some

14.7 A Faster Way to Remove Files Interactively

14.8 Safer File Deletion in Some Directories

14.9 Safe Delete: Pros and Cons

14.10 Deletion with Prejudice: rm –f

14.11 Deleting Files with Odd Names

14.12 Using Wildcards to Delete Files with Strange Names

14.13 Handling a Filename Starting with a Dash (–)

14.14 Using unlink to Remove a File with a Strange Name

14.15 Removing a Strange File by its i-number

14.16 Problems Deleting Directories

14.17 Deleting Stale Files

14.18 Removing Every File but One

14.19 Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files

Optimizing Disk Space

15.1 Disk Space Is Cheap

15.2 Instead of Removing a File, Empty It

15.3 Save Space with “Bit Bucket” Log Files and Mailboxes

15.4 Save Space with a Link

15.5 Limiting File Sizes

limit and ulimit

Other Ideas

15.6 Compressing Files to Save Space

15.7 Save Space: tar and compress a Directory Tree

15.8 How Much Disk Space?

15.9 Compressing a Directory Tree: Fine-Tuning

15.10 Save Space in Executable Files with strip

15.11 Disk Quotas

Part IV

Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis

16.1 The Unix spell Command

16.2 Check Spelling Interactively with ispell

16.3 How Do I Spell That Word?

16.4 Inside spell

16.5 Adding Words to ispell’s Dictionary

16.6 Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc

16.7 Find a a Doubled Word

16.8 Looking for Closure

16.9 Just the Words, Please

vi Tips and Tricks

17.1 The vi Editor: Why So Much Material?

17.2 What We Cover

17.3 Editing Multiple Files with vi

17.4 Edits Between Files

17.5 Local Settings for vi

17.6 Using Buffers to Move or Copy Text

17.7 Get Back What You Deleted with Numbered Buffers

17.8 Using Search Patterns and Global Commands

Global Searches

17.9 Confirming Substitutions in vi

17.10 Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File

17.11 Saving Part of a File

17.12 Appending to an Existing File

17.13 Moving Blocks of Text by Patterns

17.14 Useful Global Commands (with Pattern Matches)

17.15 Counting Occurrences; Stopping Search Wraps

17.16 Capitalizing Every Word on a Line

17.17 Per-File Setups in Separate Files

17.18 Filtering Text Through a Unix Command

17.19 vi File Recovery Versus Networked Filesystems

17.20 Be Careful with vi –r Recovered Buffers

17.21 Shell Escapes: Running One Unix Command While Using Another

17.22 vi Compound Searches

17.23 vi Word Abbreviation

17.24 Using vi Abbreviations as Commands (Cut and Paste Between vi’s)

17.25 Fixing Typos with vi Abbreviations

17.26 vi Line Commands Versus Character Commands

17.27 Out of Temporary Space? Use Another Directory

17.28 Neatening Lines

17.29 Finding Your Place with Undo

17.30 Setting Up vi with the .exrc File

Creating Custom Commands in vi

18.1 Why Type More Than You Have To?

18.2 Save Time and Typing with the vi map Commands

Command Mode Maps

Text-Input Mode Maps

18.3 What You Lose When You Use map!

18.4 vi @-Functions

Defining and Using Simple @-Functions

Combining @-Functions

Reusing a Definition

Newlines in an @-Function

18.5 Keymaps for Pasting into a Window Running vi

18.6 Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex

18.7 Maps for Repeated Edits

18.8 More Examples of Mapping Keys in vi

18.9 Repeating a vi Keymap

18.10 Typing in Uppercase Without CAPS LOCK

18.11 Text-Input Mode Cursor Motion with No Arrow Keys

18.12 Don’t Lose Important Functions with vi Maps: Use noremap

18.13 vi Macro for Splitting Long Lines

18.14 File-Backup Macros

GNU Emacs

19.1 Emacs: The Other Editor

19.2 Emacs Features: A Laundry List

19.3 Customizations and How to Avoid Them

19.4 Backup and Auto-Save Files

19.5 Putting Emacs in Overwrite Mode

19.6 Command Completion

19.7 Mike’s Favorite Timesavers

19.8 Rational Searches

19.9 Unset PWD Before Using Emacs

19.10 Inserting Binary Characters into Files

19.11 Using Word-Abbreviation Mode

Trying Word Abbreviations for One Session

Making Word Abbreviations Part of Your Startup

19.12 Directories for Emacs Hacks

19.13 An Absurd Amusement

Batch Editing

20.1 Why Line Editors Aren’t Dinosaurs

20.2 Writing Editing Scripts

20.3 Line Addressing

20.4 Useful ex Commands

20.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi

20.6 Change Many Files by Editing Just One

20.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: A Typical Example

20.8 Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files

20.9 patch: Generalized Updating of Files That Differ

20.10 Quick Reference: awk

Command-Line Syntax

Patterns and Procedures

Patterns

Procedures

Simple pattern-procedure examples

awk System Variables

Operators

Variables and Array Assignments

Group Listing of awk Commands

Alphabetical Summary of Commands

20.11 Versions of awk

You Can’t Quite Call This Editing

21.1 And Why Not?

21.2 Neatening Text with fmt

21.3 Alternatives to fmt

21.4 Clean Up Program Comment Blocks

The recomment Script

fmt –p

21.5 Remove Mail/News Headers with behead

21.6 Low-Level File Butchery with dd

21.7 offset: Indent Text

21.8 Centering Lines in a File

21.9 Splitting Files at Fixed Points: split

21.10 Splitting Files by Context: csplit

21.11 Hacking on Characters with tr

21.12 Encoding “Binary” Files into ASCII

uuencoding

MIME Encoding

21.13 Text Conversion with dd

21.14 Cutting Columns or Fields

21.15 Making Text in Columns with pr

One File per Column: –m

One File, Several Columns: –number

Order Lines Across Columns: –l

21.16 Make Columns Automatically with column

21.17 Straightening Jagged Columns

21.18 Pasting Things in Columns

21.19 Joining Lines with join

21.20 What Is (or Isn’t) Unique?

21.21 Rotating Text

Sorting

22.1 Putting Things in Order

22.2 Sort Fields: How sort Sorts

22.3 Changing the sort Field Delimiter

22.4 Confusion with Whitespace Field Delimiters

22.5 Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting

22.6 Miscellaneous sort Hints

Dealing with Repeated Lines

Ignoring Blanks

Case-Insensitive Sorts

Dictionary Order

Month Order

Reverse Sort

22.7 lensort: Sort Lines by Length

22.8 Sorting a List of People by Last Name

Part V

Job Control

23.1 Job Control in a Nutshell

23.2 Job Control Basics

How Job Control Works

Using Job Control from Your Shell

23.3 Using jobs Effectively

23.4 Some Gotchas with Job Control

23.5 The “Current Job” Isn’t Always What You Expect

23.6 Job Control and autowrite: Real Timesavers!

23.7 System Overloaded? Try Stopping Some Jobs

23.8 Notification When Jobs Change State

23.9 Stop Background Output with stty tostop

23.10 nohup

23.11 Disowning Processes

23.12 Linux Virtual Consoles

What Are They?

Scrolling, Using a Mouse

23.13 Stopping Remote Login Sessions

Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes

24.1 What’s in This Chapter

24.2 fork and exec

24.3 Managing Processes: Overall Concepts

24.4 Subshells

24.5 The ps Command

24.6 The Controlling Terminal

24.7 Tracking Down Processes

System V

BSD

24.8 Why ps Prints Some Commands in Parentheses

24.9 The /proc Filesystem

Memory Information

Kernel and System Statistics

Statistics of the Current Process

Statistics of Processes by PID

A Glimpse at Hardware

24.10 What Are Signals?

24.11 Killing Foreground Jobs

24.12 Destroying Processes with kill

24.13 Printer Queue Watcher: A Restartable Daemon Shell Script

24.14 Killing All Your Processes

24.15 Killing Processes by Name?

24.16 Kill Processes Interactively

killall –i

zap

24.17 Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them

24.18 Cleaning Up an Unkillable Process

24.19 Why You Can’t Kill a Zombie

24.20 The Process Chain to Your Window

24.21 Terminal Windows Without Shells

24.22 Close a Window by Killing Its Process(es)

Example #1: An xterm Window

Example #2: A Web Browser

Closing a Window from a Shell Script

Delayed Execution

25.1 Building Software Robots the Easy Way

25.2 Periodic Program Execution: The cron Facility

Execution Scheduling

A Little Help, etc.

25.3 Adding crontab Entries

25.4 Including Standard Input Within a cron Entry

25.5 The at Command

25.6 Making Your at Jobs Quiet

25.7 Checking and Removing Jobs

25.8 Avoiding Other at and cron Jobs

25.9 Waiting a Little While: sleep

System Performance and Profiling

26.1 Timing Is Everything

26.2 Timing Programs

26.3 What Commands Are Running and How Long Do They Take?

26.4 Checking System Load: uptime

26.5 Know When to Be “nice” to Other Users…and When Not To

BSD C Shell nice

BSD Standalone nice

System V C Shell nice

System V Standalone nice

26.6 A nice Gotcha

26.7 Changing a Running Job’s Niceness

Part VI

Shell Interpretation

27.1 What the Shell Does

27.2 How the Shell Executes Other Commands

27.3 What’s a Shell, Anyway?

How Shells Run Other Programs

Interactive Use Versus Shell Scripts

Types of Shells

Shell Search Paths

Bourne Shell Used Here

Default Commands

27.4 Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files

27.5 Output Command-Line Arguments One by One

27.6 Controlling Shell Command Searches

27.7 Wildcards Inside Aliases

27.8 eval: When You Need Another Chance

27.9 Which One Will bash Use?

27.10 Which One Will the C Shell Use?

27.11 Is It “2>&1 file” or “> file 2>&1”? Why?

27.12 Bourne Shell Quoting

Special Characters

How Quoting Works

Single Quotes Inside Single Quotes?

Multiline Quoting

27.13 Differences Between Bourne and C Shell Quoting

Special Characters

How Quoting Works

27.14 Quoting Special Characters in Filenames

27.15 Verbose and Echo Settings Show Quoting

27.16 Here Documents

27.17 “Special” Characters and Operators

27.18 How Many Backslashes?

Saving Time on the Command Line

28.1 What’s Special About the Unix Command Line

28.2 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r

28.3 Use Wildcards to Create Files?

28.4 Build Strings with { }

28.5 String Editing (Colon) Operators

28.6 Automatic Completion

General Example: Filename Completion

Menu Completion

Command-Specific Completion

Editor Functions for Completion

28.7 Don’t Match Useless Files in Filename Completion

28.8 Repeating Commands

28.9 Repeating and Varying Commands

A foreach Loop

A for Loop

28.10 Repeating a Command with Copy-and-Paste

28.11 Repeating a Time-Varying Command

28.12 Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts

28.13 Here Document Example #1: Unformatted Form Letters

28.14 Command Substitution

28.15 Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files

28.16 Separating Commands with Semicolons

28.17 Dealing with Too Many Arguments

28.18 Expect

Dialback

Automating /bin/passwd

Testing: A Story

Other Problems

Custom Commands

29.1 Creating Custom Commands

29.2 Introduction to Shell Aliases

29.3 C-Shell Aliases with Command-Line Arguments

29.4 Setting and Unsetting Bourne-Type Aliases

29.5 Korn-Shell Aliases

29.6 zsh Aliases

29.7 Sourceable Scripts

29.8 Avoiding C-Shell Alias Loops

29.9 How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias

29.10 Fix Quoting in csh Aliases with makealias and quote

29.11 Shell Function Basics

Simple Functions: ls with Options

Functions with Loops: Internet Lookup

Setting Current Shell Environment: The work Function

Functions Calling Functions: Factorials

Conclusion

29.12 Shell Function Specifics

29.13 Propagating Shell Functions

Exporting bash Functions

FPATH Search Path

Korn shell

zsh

29.14 Simulated Bourne Shell Functions and Aliases

The Use of History

30.1 The Lessons of History

30.2 History in a Nutshell

30.3 My Favorite Is !$

30.4 My Favorite Is !:n*

30.5 My Favorite Is ^^

30.6 Using !$ for Safety with Wildcards

30.7 History by Number

30.8 History Substitutions

30.9 Repeating a Cycle of Commands

30.10 Running a Series of Commands on a File

30.11 Check Your History First with :p

30.12 Picking Up Where You Left Off

bash, ksh, zsh

C Shells

30.13 Pass History to Another Shell

30.14 Shell Command-Line Editing

vi Editing Mode

Emacs Editing Mode

tcsh Editing

ksh Editing

bash Editing

zsh Editing

30.15 Changing History Characters with histchars

30.16 Instead of Changing History Characters

Moving Around in a Hurry

31.1 Getting Around the Filesystem

31.2 Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames

31.3 What Good Is a Current Directory?

31.4 How Does Unix Find Your Current Directory?

31.5 Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath

31.6 Loop Control: break and continue

31.7 The Shells’ pushd and popd Commands

31.8 Nice Aliases for pushd

31.9 Quick cds with Aliases

31.10 cd by Directory Initials

31.11 Finding (Anyone’s) Home Directory, Quickly

31.12 Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable

31.13 Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory

Regular Expressions (Pattern Matching)

32.1 That’s an Expression

32.2 Don’t Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards

32.3 Understanding Expressions

32.4 Using Metacharacters in Regular Expressions

32.5 Regular Expressions: The Anchor Characters ^ and $

32.6 Regular Expressions: Matching a Character with a Character Set

32.7 Regular Expressions: Match Any Character with . (Dot)

32.8 Regular Expressions: Specifying a Range of Characters with […]

32.9 Regular Expressions: Exceptions in a Character Set

32.10 Regular Expressions: Repeating Character Sets with *

32.11 Regular Expressions: Matching a Specific Number of Sets with { and }

32.12 Regular Expressions: Matching Words with < and >

32.13 Regular Expressions: Remembering Patterns with (, ), and 1

32.14 Regular Expressions: Potential Problems

32.15 Extended Regular Expressions

32.16 Getting Regular Expressions Right

32.17 Just What Does a Regular Expression Match?

32.18 Limiting the Extent of a Match

32.19 I Never Meta Character I Didn’t Like

32.20 Valid Metacharacters for Different Unix Programs

32.21 Pattern Matching Quick Reference with Examples

Examples of Searching

Examples of Searching and Replacing

Wildcards

33.1 File-Naming Wildcards

33.2 Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell

33.3 Who Handles Wildcards?

33.4 What if a Wildcard Doesn’t Match?

33.5 Maybe You Shouldn’t Use Wildcards in Pathnames

33.6 Getting a List of Matching Files with grep –l

33.7 Getting a List of Nonmatching Files

Using grep –c

The vgrep Script

33.8 nom: List Files That Don’t Match a Wildcard

The sed Stream Editor

34.1 sed Sermon^H^H^H^H^H^HSummary

34.2 Two Things You Must Know About sed

34.3 Invoking sed

34.4 Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed

checksed

runsed

34.5 sed Addressing Basics

34.6 Order of Commands in a Script

34.7 One Thing at a Time

34.8 Delimiting a Regular Expression

34.9 Newlines in a sed Replacement

34.10 Referencing the Search String in a Replacement

34.11 Referencing Portions of a Search String

34.12 Search and Replacement: One Match Among Many

34.13 Transformations on Text

34.14 Hold Space: The Set-Aside Buffer

34.15 Transforming Part of a Line

34.16 Making Edits Across Line Boundaries

34.17 The Deliberate Scrivener

34.18 Searching for Patterns Split Across Lines

34.19 Multiline Delete

34.20 Making Edits Everywhere Except…

34.21 The sed Test Command

34.22 Uses of the sed Quit Command

34.23 Dangers of the sed Quit Command

34.24 sed Newlines, Quoting, and Backslashes in a Shell Script

Shell Programming for the Uninitiated

35.1 Writing a Simple Shell Program

35.2 Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming

35.3 What Environment Variables Are Good For

35.4 Parent-Child Relationships

35.5 Predefined Environment Variables

35.6 The PATH Environment Variable

35.7 PATH and path

35.8 The DISPLAY Environment Variable

35.9 Shell Variables

35.10 Test String Values with Bourne-Shell case

35.11 Pattern Matching in case Statements

35.12 Exit Status of Unix Processes

35.13 Test Exit Status with the if Statement

35.14 Testing Your Success

35.15 Loops That Test Exit Status

Looping Until a Command Succeeds

Looping Until a Command Fails

35.16 Set Exit Status of a Shell (Script)

35.17 Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts

35.18 read: Reading from the Keyboard

35.19 Shell Script “Wrappers” for awk, sed, etc.

35.20 Handling Command-Line Arguments in Shell Scripts

With the “$@” Parameter

With a Loop

Counting Arguments with $#

35.21 Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop

35.22 Handling Arguments with while and shift

35.23 Loop Control: break and continue

35.24 Standard Command-Line Parsing

35.25 The Bourne Shell set Command

Setting Options

Setting (and Parsing) Parameters

(Avoiding?) set with No Arguments

Watch Your Quoting

Can’t Set $0

35.26 test: Testing Files and Strings

35.27 Picking a Name for a New Command

35.28 Finding a Program Name and Giving Your Program Multiple Names

35.29 Reading Files with the . and source Commands

35.30 Using Shell Functions in Shell Scripts

Shell Programming for the Initiated

36.1 Beyond the Basics

36.2 The Story of : # #!

36.3 Don’t Need a Shell for Your Script? Don’t Use One

36.4 Making #! Search the PATH

36.5 The exec Command

36.6 The Unappreciated Bourne Shell “:” Operator

36.7 Parameter Substitution

36.8 Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program

36.9 Finding the Last Command-Line Argument

36.10 How to Unset All Command-Line Parameters

36.11 Standard Input to a for Loop

36.12 Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables

36.13 Using basename and dirname

Introduction to basename and dirname

Use with Loops

36.14 A while Loop with Several Loop Control Commands

36.15 Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors

36.16 n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error

36.17 A Shell Can Read a Script from Its Standard Input, but…

36.18 Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input

36.19 Quoted hereis Document Terminators: sh Versus csh

36.20 Turn Off echo for “Secret” Answers

36.21 Quick Reference: expr

Syntax

Examples

36.22 Testing Characters in a String with expr

36.23 Grabbing Parts of a String

Matching with expr

Using echo with awk or cut

Using set and IFS

Using sed

36.24 Nested Command Substitution

36.25 Testing Two Strings with One case Statement

36.26 Outputting Text to an X Window

36.27 Shell Lockfile

Shell Script Debugging and Gotchas

37.1 Tips for Debugging Shell Scripts

Use –xv

Unmatched Operators

Exit Early

Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc.

Line Numbers Reset Inside Redirected Loops

37.2 Bourne Shell Debugger Shows a Shell Variable

37.3 Stop Syntax Errors in Numeric Tests

37.4 Stop Syntax Errors in String Tests

37.5 Quoting and Command-Line Parameters

37.6 How Unix Keeps Time

37.7 Copy What You Do with script

37.8 Cleaning script Files

37.9 Making an Arbitrary-Size File for Testing

Part VII

Backing Up Files

38.1 What Is This “Backup” Thing?

38.2 tar in a Nutshell

38.3 Make Your Own Backups

38.4 More Ways to Back Up

38.5 How to Make Backups to a Local Device

What to Back Up

Backing Up to Tape

Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks

To gzip, or Not to gzip?

38.6 Restoring Files from Tape with tar

Restoring a Few Files

Remote Restoring

38.7 Using tar to a Remote Tape Drive

38.8 Using GNU tar with a Remote Tape Drive

38.9 On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project

38.10 Using Wildcards with tar

Without GNU tar

With GNU tar

Wildcard Gotchas in GNU tar

38.11 Avoid Absolute Paths with tar

38.12 Getting tar’s Arguments in the Right Order

38.13 The cpio Tape Archiver

38.14 Industrial Strength Backups

Creating and Reading Archives

39.1 Packing Up and Moving

39.2 Using tar to Create and Unpack Archives

39.3 GNU tar Sampler

39.4 Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS

39.5 RCS Basics

39.6 List RCS Revision Numbers with rcsrevs

39.7 CVS Basics

39.8 More CVS

Software Installation

40.1 /usr/bin and Other Software Directories

40.2 The Challenges of Software Installation on Unix

40.3 Which make?

40.4 Simplifying the make Process

40.5 Using Debian’s dselect

Choosing the Access Method

Updating Information on Available Packages

Choosing Packages for Installation or Removal

Exiting the Select Function

Installing Packages

Configuring Packages

Removing Packages

Exiting dselect

40.6 Installing Software with Debian’s Apt-Get

Configuring the sources.list File

Using apt-get

Updating information on available packages

Installing a package

Upgrading installed packages

40.7 Interruptable gets with wget

40.8 The curl Application and One-Step GNU- Darwin Auto-Installer for OS X

40.9 Installation with FreeBSD Ports

40.10 Installing with FreeBSD Packages

40.11 Finding and Installing RPM Packaged Software

Perl

41.1 High-Octane Shell Scripting

41.2 Checking your Perl Installation

41.3 Compiling Perl from Scratch

41.4 Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy

41.5 Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types

Scalars

Arrays

Hashes

References

41.6 Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping

41.7 Perl Boot Camp, Part 4: Pattern Matching

41.8 Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix

41.9 Perl Boot Camp, Part 6: Modules

41.10 Perl Boot Camp, Part 7: perldoc

41.11 CPAN

Installing Modules the Easy Way

Installing Modules the Hard Way

Browsing the CPAN Web Site

41.12 Make Custom grep Commands (etc.) with Perl

41.13 Perl and the Internet

Be Your Own Web Browser with LWP

Sending Mail with Mail::Sendmail

CGI Teaser

Python

42.1 What Is Python?

42.2 Installation and Distutils

42.3 Python Basics

Indentation

Functions

Everything’s an Object

Modules and Packages

I/O and Formatting

wxPython

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