Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets by Shaosen Zhang & Xinyi Xiao & Yonglin Yi & Xinyu Wang & Lingxuan Zhu & Yanrong Shen & Dongxin Lin & Chen Wu instant download

Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets by Shaosen Zhang & Xinyi Xiao & Yonglin Yi & Xinyu Wang & Lingxuan Zhu & Yanrong Shen & Dongxin Lin & Chen Wu instant download

Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, with oncogenic mutations in a normal cell conferring clonal advantage as the initial event.However, despite pervasive somatic mutations and clonal expansion in normal tissues, their transformation into cancer remains arare event, indicating the presence of additional driver events for progression to an irreversible, highly heterogeneous, and invasivelesion. Recently, researchers are emphasizing the mechanisms of environmental tumor risk factors and epigenetic alterations thatare profoundly influencing early clonal expansion and malignant evolution, independently of inducing mutations. Additionally,clonal evolution in tumorigenesis reflects a multifaceted interplay between cell-intrinsic identities and various cell-extrinsic factorsthat exert selective pressures to either restrain uncontrolled proliferation or allow specific clones to progress into tumors. However,the mechanisms by which driver events induce both intrinsic cellular competency and remodel environmental stress to facilitatemalignant transformation are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genetic, epigenetic, and external driver events,1234567890();,:and their effects on the co-evolution of the transformed cells and their ecosystem during tumor initiation and early malignantevolution. A deeper understanding of the earliest molecular events holds promise for translational applications, predictingindividuals at high-risk of tumor and developing strategies to intercept malignant transformation.Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy (2024) 9:149 ;