Transcranial temporal interference stimulation for treating bipolar disorder with depressive episodes: a feasibility Study by Hetong Zhou & Minmin Wang & Shuangyu Qi & Qianfeng Chen & Jianbo Lai & Zhengping Wu & Ruobing Liu & Liang Wang & Hui Zhou & Shaomin Zhang & Shaohua Hu instant download

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation for treating bipolar disorder with depressive episodes: a feasibility Study by Hetong Zhou & Minmin Wang & Shuangyu Qi & Qianfeng Chen & Jianbo Lai & Zhengping Wu & Ruobing Liu & Liang Wang & Hui Zhou & Shaomin Zhang & Shaohua Hu instant download

Bipolar depression (BD-D) is a significant clinical challenge associated with high disease burden. Transcranial temporal interferencestimulation (tTIS), a novel and noninvasive approach for targeting deep brain structures, was investigated for its efficacy and safetyin BD-D patients in this trial. Thirty-six patients were recruited for a single-arm, open-label trial, and 25 completed the 5-dayintervention consisting of 10 tTIS sessions targeting the left nucleus accumbens. Each session lasted 20 min, with a maximumcurrent intensity of 2 mA and an envelope stimulation frequency of 40 Hz. Significant symptom reductions were observed followingtreatment, with mean HAMD-17 scores decreasing from 23.36 to 16.16 (p < 0.0001), MADRS scores from 39.12 to 31.28 (p < 0.01),HAMA scores from 19.68 to 15.44 (p < 0.05), and QIDS scores from 13.52to 9.68 (p < 0.001). Eleven participants (44.0%) met1234567890();,:improvement criteria and seven (28.0%) achieved response. Cognitive assessments indicated improvements in memory andexecutive function, and changes in reward-related brain activity correlated positively with symptom reduction. Adverse events weremild, mainly transient scalp discomfort. These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of tTIS foralleviating depressive symptoms and cognitive impairments in BD-D.Molecular Psychiatry;