(Ebook) The Rules of Unified English Braille 2nd Edition by Christine Simpson ISBN 9780980706468 0980706467

(Ebook) The Rules of Unified English Braille 2nd Edition by Christine Simpson ISBN 9780980706468 0980706467

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ISBN 10: 0980706467
ISBN 13: 9780980706468
Author: Christine Simpson

The Rules of Unified English Braille is primarily intended for use by braille transcribers, although it is hoped that it will also serve as a key reference for braille translation software developers and other braille experts.
This publication is not a manual for learning braille. It is a reference that a transcriber may use often and a reader of braille may use occasionally for clarification. Topics are not in an order which allows the reader to learn the braille code. Good braille knowledge is essential for effective use of this publication

(Ebook) The Rules of Unified English Braille 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Section 1: Introduction
1.1 Definition of braille
1.2 Principles of Unified English Braille
Example:
Examples:
1.3 Basic signs found in other forms of English braille
Contractions
Punctuation
Composition signs (indicators)
General symbols
Technical subjects
Section 2: Terminology and General Rules
2.1 Terminology
2.2 Contractions summary
2.3 Following print
2.4 Indicators and modes
Examples:
Examples:
2.5 Grades of braille
Uncontracted (grade 1) braille
Contracted (grade 2) braille
Other grades of braille
2.6 Standing alone
Examples:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Section 3: General Symbols and Indicators
3.1 Ampersand @&
Examples:
3.2 Arrows o % [ +
Examples:
3.3 Asterisk "9 dagger @,? and double dagger @,]
Examples:
3.4 Braille grouping indicators
Examples:
3.5 Bullet _4
Example:
3.6 Caret @5
Example:
3.7 Commercial at sign @a
Examples:
3.8 Copyright ^c registered ^r and trademark ^t signs
Examples:
3.9 Crosses @,? ;x ;,x "8
Examples:
3.10 Currency signs @c @e @f @l @n @s @y
Examples:
3.11 Degrees ^j minutes 7 ' and seconds 77 ,7
Examples:
3.12 Ditto mark "1
Examples:
3.13 Dot locator for "mention" .=
Examples:
3.14 Dot locator for "use" ""=
Examples:
3.15 Feet 7 ' and inches 77 ,7
Examples:
3.16 Female (Venus) ^x and male (Mars) ^y signs
Example:
3.17 Mathematical signs: plus "6 equals "7 multiplication "8 division "/ minus "- ratio 3 proportion 33 less-than @
Examples:
3.18 Music accidentals: natural #* flat #< sharp #%
Examples:
3.19 Number sign (crosshatch, hash, pound sign) _?
Examples:
3.20 Paragraph ^p and section ^s signs
Examples:
3.21 Percent sign .0
Examples:
3.22 Shapes $
Examples:
3.23 Space
Examples:
3.24 Subscript 5 and superscript 9 indicators
Examples:
3.25 Tilde (swung dash) @9
Examples:
3.26 Transcriber-defined symbols ? #? @#? ^#? _#? "#? .#?
Examples:
3.27 Transcriber's note indicators @.
Examples:
Section 4: Letters and Their Modifiers
4.1 English alphabet
Examples:
4.2 Modifiers
Examples:
Examples:
Example:
Examples:
Example:
Example:
4.3 Ligatured letters
Examples:
Example:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Example:
4.4 Eng and schwa
Example:
4.5 Greek letters
Examples:
Section 5: Grade 1 Mode
5.1 Mode indicators
5.2 Grade 1 symbol indicator ;
Examples:
5.3 Grade 1 word indicator ;;
Examples:
5.4 Grade 1 passage indicator ;;;
Examples:
5.5 Grade 1 terminator ;'
Example:
5.6 Numeric indicator #
Examples:
Examples:
5.7 Grade 1 mode avoids confusion with contractions
Examples:
Examples:
5.8 Grade 1 indicators and capitalisation
Example:
5.9 Choice of indicators
Examples:
Example:
5.10 Optional use of the grade 1 indicator
Example:
5.11 Use of grade 1 indicators in grade 1 text
Examples:
Section 6: Numeric Mode
6.1 Numeric indicators #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j #1 #4
6.2 Numeric mode symbols
Examples:
6.3 Termination of numeric mode
Examples:
6.4 Placement of numeric prefix with full stop (period)
Examples:
6.5 Numeric indicators set grade 1 mode
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
6.6 The numeric space "a "b "c "d "e "f "g "h "i "j
Examples:
6.7 Treatment of dates, time, coinage, etc.
Examples:
6.8 Spaced numeric indicator #
Example:
6.9 Numeric passage indicator ## and numeric terminator #'
6.10 Division of a number between lines
Examples:
Section 7: Punctuation
7.1 General
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
7.2 Dash, low line (underscore), long dash and hyphen ,- .- ",- -
Examples:
Examples:
Example:
Hyphen(s) used as dash
Example:
Examples:
7.3 Ellipsis 444
Examples:
7.4 Solidus (forward slash) _/
Example:
7.5 Question mark 8
Examples:
Example:
Examples:
7.6 Quotation marks 8 0 ^8 ^0 ,8 ,0 _8 _0 ,7 '
Examples:
Examples:
Example:
Examples:
7.7 Multi-line brackets ," ,. ,_
Example:
Section 8: Capitalisation
8.1 Use of capitals
8.2 Extent of capitals mode
8.3 Defining a capital letter
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
8.4 Capitalised word indicator ,,
Examples:
Example:
Example:
8.5 Capitalised passage indicator ,,,
Examples:
Examples:
Example:
Example:
Example:
8.6 Capitals terminator ,'
Examples:
Examples:
8.7 Placement of indicators
Examples:
8.8 Choice of capitalised indicators
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
8.9 Accented letters in fully capitalised words
Examples:
Section 9: Typeforms
9.1 Deciding when to use typeform indicators
Examples:
9.2 Typeform symbol indicators .2 ^2 _2 @2 @#2
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
9.3 Typeform word indicators .1 ^1 _1 @1 @#1
Examples:
9.4 Typeform passage indicators and terminators .7 .' ^7 ^' _7 _' @7 @' @#7 @#'
Examples:
Today's lunchbox note says /
9.5 Transcriber-defined typeform indicators @#2 @#1 @#7 @#'
Examples:
9.6 Small capitals
Examples:
Example:
9.7 Placement of typeform symbols with punctuation
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
9.8 Multiple typeform indicators for the same text
Examples:
9.9 Typeform passages extending across consecutive same text elements
Section 10: Contractions
10.1 Alphabetic wordsigns
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
10.2 Strong wordsigns
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
10.3 Strong contractions
Examples:
But:
10.4 Strong groupsigns
Examples:
But:
ch, sh, th, wh, ou, st
Examples:
But:
ing
Examples:
But:
10.5 Lower wordsigns
be, were, his, was
Examples:
But:
enough
Examples:
But:
in
Examples:
But:
Lower sign rule
Examples:
10.6 Lower groupsigns
be, con, dis
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Examples:
But:
ea, bb, cc, ff, gg
Examples:
But:
Examples:
ea
Examples:
en, in
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Lower sign rule
Examples:
10.7 Initial-letter contractions
Dots 45
Dots 456
Dot 5
Examples:
But:
upon, these, those, whose, there
Examples:
But:
had
Examples:
But:
ever
Examples:
But:
here, name
Examples:
But:
one
Examples:
But:
some
Examples:
But:
time
Examples:
But:
under
Examples:
But:
10.8 Final-letter groupsigns
Dots 46
Dots 56
Examples:
But:
Examples:
ity
ness
Examples:
10.9 Shortforms
Shortforms as words
Examples:
But:
Shortforms as parts of longer words
Examples:
But:
Words not appearing on the Shortforms List
Examples:
But:
Avoiding confusion with shortforms
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Examples:
10.10 Preference
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Examples:
Lower sign rule
Examples:
10.11 Bridging
Compound words
Examples:
Aspirated "h"
Examples:
But:
Prefixes
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
But:
Examples:
But:
Suffixes
Examples:
But:
Examples:
Diphthongs
Examples:
But:
10.12 Miscellaneous
Abbreviations and acronyms
Examples:
Examples:
Computer material
Examples: [These examples are assumed to be within regular text.]
Dialect
Examples:
Fragments of words
Examples:
Guidelines when pronunciation or syllabification is unknown
Examples:
Examples:
Lisping
Examples:
Medial punctuation and indicators
Examples:
Omitted letters
Examples:
Speech hesitation, slurred words, vocal sounds
Examples:
Spelling
Examples:
Stammering
Examples:
Syllabified words
Examples:
10.13 Word division
Examples:
Hyphenated words
Examples:
But:
Alphabetic wordsigns and strong wordsigns
Examples:
ing
Examples:
Lower sign rule
Examples:
Dash
Example:
Example:
Examples:
be, con, dis
Examples:
ea, bb, cc, ff, gg
Examples:
Final-letter groupsigns
Examples:
Shortforms
Examples:
Section 11: Technical Material
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Signs of operation and comparison
Some common operation signs
Some common comparison signs
Spacing of operation and comparison signs in non-technical material
Spacing of operation and comparison signs in technical material
Examples:
11.3 Fractions
Simple numeric fractions
Examples:
Mixed numbers
Examples:
Fractions written in linear form in print
Example:
General fraction indicators
Examples:
11.4 Superscripts and subscripts
Definition of an item
Superscripts and subscripts within literary text
Examples:
Algebraic expressions involving superscripts
Examples:
11.5 Square roots and other radicals
Square roots
Examples:
Cube roots etc
Example:
11.6 Arrows
Simple arrows
Examples:
Arrows with non-standard shafts
Example:
Arrows with non-standard tips
Example:
Less common arrows
11.7 Shape symbols
Use of the shape termination indicator
Examples:
Transcriber-defined shapes
Example:
Physical enclosure indicator [
Example:
11.8 Matrices and vectors
Placement of multi-line grouping symbols
Example:
11.9 Chemistry
Use of capital indicators and terminators
Examples:
11.10 Computer notation
Definition of computer notation
Grade of braille in computer notation
Section 12: Early Forms of English
Example:
Example:
Example:
[examples using contracted braille:]
Example:
Section 13: Foreign Language
Foreign code signs used in this section (non-UEB symbols)
13.1 Determining what is foreign
Example:
Examples:
13.2 Using UEB contractions
Examples:
Examples:
13.3 Guidelines for contracting anglicised words derived from specific languages
13.4 Representing accented letters
13.5 Using UEB signs
Examples:
13.6 Using foreign code signs
Examples:
13.7 Code switch indicators
Example:
Example:
Example:
13.8 Mixed-language literature
Example:
Section 14: Code Switching
Code switching indicators
Code switching indicators for IPA Braille
Code switching indicators for music braille
Code switching indicators for Nemeth Code
Non-UEB symbols used in this section
14.1 Purpose of code switching
14.2 When to use code switching indicators
Examples:
Example:
14.3 How to use code switching indicators
Examples:
Example:
Examples of commonly-used languages:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
14.4 IPA Braille within UEB text
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
Example:
14.5 Music braille within UEB text
Example:
Example:
14.6 Nemeth Code within UEB text
Examples:
Example:
Section 15: Scansion, Stress and Tone
15.1 Scansion, Line Marking
Examples:
Examples:
15.2 Stress
Examples:
Examples:
15.3 Tone
Examples:
15.4 Phonetic scansion, stress and tone
Section 16: Line Mode, Guide Dots
16.1 When to use line mode
16.2 Horizontal line mode
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
16.3 Diagonal and vertical lines
Examples:
Example:
16.4 Combining lines
Examples:
Examples:
16.5 Guide dots
Examples:
Appendix 1: Shortforms List
The list
Added "s" and apostrophe "s"
about ab
above abv
according ac
across acr
after af
afternoon afn
afterward afw
again ag
against ag/
almost alm
already alr
also al
although al?
altogether alt
always alw
because 2c
before 2f
behind 2h
below 2l
beneath 2n
beside 2s
between 2t
beyond 2y

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Tags: Christine Simpson, Rules, Unified English Braille