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ISBN 10: 0367390191
ISBN 13: 9780367390198
Author: Robert M Bradley
Providing an essential brainstem relay for three cranial nerves, the NST coordinates highly complex sensory information. While other functions of the NST have received attention, its role in gustatory processing has received little. The first reference devoted exclusively to gustatory processing, The Role of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Gus
1 Historical Perspectives
Contents
1.1 BASIC NEUROANATOMY OF THE TERMINATION OF THE AFFERENT INPUT TO THE NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY TRACT
1.2 DISCOVERY OF THE SOLITARY TRACT
1.3 DISCOVERY OF THE AFFERENT SENSORY CONTRIBUTION TO THE SOLITARY TRACT
1.4 EARLY DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY TRACT
1.5 FIRST ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ROSTRAL NUCLEUS OF THE SOLITARY TRACT
1.6 SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
2 Anatomy of the Rostral Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
CONTENTS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 HISTOLOGY OF THE rNST
2.2.1 HISTOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE rNST
2.2.2 IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTION OF rNST SUBDIVISIONS
2.2.3 NEURON TYPES WITHIN THE rNST
2.3 CONNECTIONS OF THE rNST
2.3.1 INPUTS OF THE rNST
2.3.2 OUTPUTS OF THE rNST
2.4 FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY OF THE rNST
2.4.1 FOS-IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE rNST
2.4.2 SYNAPSE MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE rNST
2.5 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
3 Neurotransmitters and Receptors Expressed by rNST Neurons
CONTENTS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE AFFERENT TASTE PATHWAY
3.2.1 Immunocytochemical Studies
3.2.2 Neuropharmacological Studies
3.3 SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN rNST
3.3.1 Immunocytochemical Studies of Glutamate in rNST
3.3.2 Neurophysiological Studies of Glutamate Activity in rNST
3.3.2.1 In Vitro Studies
3.3.2.2 In Vivo Studies
3.3.3 Immunocytochemical Studies of GABA in rNST
3.3.4 Neurophysiological Studies of GABA Activity in rNST
3.3.4.1 In Vitro Studies
3.3.4.2 In Vivo Studies
3.4 OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTERS INVOLVED IN SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN rNST
3.4.1 Substance P
3.4.1.1 Immunocytochemical Investigation
3.4.1.2 Neurophysiological Investigation
3.4.2 Other Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators
3.4.2.1 Opioids
3.4.2.2 Cholecystokinin
3.4.2.3 Dopamine
3.4.2.4 Acetylcholine
3.4.2.5 Nitric Oxide, Neuropeptide Y, Somatostatin, Serotonin, and Histamine
3.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
4 Reflex Connections
CONTENTS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 NEUROMUSCULARRELATED REFLEX ACTIVITY
4.2.1 Physiological Investigations of Gusto-Lingual Reflexes
4.2.2 Physiological Investigations of GustoFacial Reflexes
4.3 GUSTOSALIVARY REFLEX ACTIVITY
4.3.1 Taste-Initiated Reflex Secretion of Saliva from the Major Salivary Glands
4.3.2 Taste-Initiated Reflex Secretion of Saliva from von Ebners Salivary Glands
4.3.3 Brainstem Salivatory Nuclei
4.3.4 Neurobiology of the Salivatory Neurons
4.4 FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
5 Neural Coding in the rNST
CONTENTS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 TASTE RESPONSES OF rNST NEURONS
5.2.1 Breadth of Tuning
5.2.2 Convergence of Peripheral Inputs
5.3 CATEGORIZING GUSTATORY NEURONS IN THE rNST
5.3.1 Classification by Best-Stimulus and Multivariate Analysis
5.3.2 Neuron Types: Physiological Significance
5.4 MODULATION OF ACTIVITY IN THE rNST
5.4.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL MODULATION OF rNST ACTIVITY
5.4.1.1 Feeding and Appetite
5.4.1.2 Conditioned Avoidance
5.4.2 Electrophysiological Analysis of Descending Modulation
5.4.2.1 Cortex
5.4.2.2 Lateral Hypothalamus
5.4.2.3 Central Nucleus of the Amygdala
5.4.2.4 Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis
5.5 THEORIES OF TASTE QUALITY CODING
5.5.1 Across-Neuron Pattern Theory
5.5.2 Labeled-Line Theory
5.6 TASTE CODING IN THE rNST
5.6.1 Specificity of Input from Taste Receptors?
5.6.2 Responsiveness of rNST Neurons
5.6.3 A Temporal Component to Gustatory Coding in the rNST
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
6 Development and Plasticity of the Gustatory Portion of Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
CONTENTS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF AFFERENT INPUTS INTO THE NST
6.3 EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE NST
6.4 POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF TERMINAL FIELDS IN THE NST
6.5 MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONS IN THE NST
6.6 FUNCTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONS IN THE NST
6.7 DEVELOPMENTAL PLASTICITY IN THE GUSTATORY NST
6.7.1 Dietary- Induced Alterations in Chorda Tympani Fields in the NST
6.7.2 Development of Dietary-Induced Alterations in Chorda Tympani Terminal Fields in the NST
6.7.3 The Effects of Developmental Sodium Restrictionon Terminal Field Organization of Chorda Tympani, Greater Superficial Petrosal, and Glossopharyngeal Nerves in the NST
6.7.4 The Effects of Developmental Sodium Restriction on Synaptic Organization of Chorda Tympani, Greater Superficial Petrosal, and Glossopharyngeal Nerves in the NST
6.7.5 The Effects of Developmental Sodium Restriction on the Morphology of NST Cells
6.7.6 The Effects of Developmental Sodium Restriction on the Functional Organization in the NST
6.7.7 Other Experimental Manipulations Showing Developmental Plasticity in the NST
6.7.7.1 Receptor Cell Destruction
6.7.7.2 Selective Exposure to Taste Stimuli
6.7.8 Recovery from Early Dietary Sodium Restriction: Little is Worse than More
6.8 SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
7 rNST Circuits
Contents
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Knowledge Gained From Extracellular Recordings From Rnst Neurons
7.2.1 Central Mapping of Oral Receptive Fields
7.2.2 Some Basic Assumptions Derived from the Extracellular Recordings
7.3 Knowledge Gained From Intracellular Recordings From Rnst Neurons
7.3.1 In Vitro Recordings
7.4 POSSIBLE CIRCUITS
7.4.1 rNST Circuits Based on Current Knowledge
7.4.2 Model rNST Circuits
7.4.3 Separation of Function
7.5 Outlook For Future Investigations
nucleus of the solitary tract function
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Tags: Robert M Bradley, Nucleus, Solitary
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