(Ebook) The Criminalization of Mental Illness Crisis and Opportunity for the Justice System 2nd Edition by Risdon N Slate, Jacqueline K Buffington Vllum, W Wesley Johnson ISBN 9781611630398 1611630398

(Ebook) The Criminalization of Mental Illness Crisis and Opportunity for the Justice System 2nd Edition by Risdon N Slate, Jacqueline K Buffington Vllum, W Wesley Johnson ISBN 9781611630398 1611630398

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ISBN 10: 1611630398
ISBN 13: 9781611630398
Author: Risdon N Slate, Jacqueline K Buffington Vllum, W Wesley Johnson

To Claudia and Virginia Slate for your love and support, to Dean Shoe for helping me find my voice, and to Ron Vogel for assisting me in finding the confidence to use it. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963) said in his book Strength to Love: “The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. The true neighbor will risk his position, his prestige and even his life for the welfare of others. In dangerous valleys and hazardous pathways, he will lift some bruised and beaten brother to a higher and more noble life” (p. 35). I, Risdon Slate, am that brother, and Ron Hudson is that neighbor. Without Ron’s courageous, selfless, and innovative actions this book would likely never have been written. – RNS
To my mother, Sheryll Gray, who taught me the power of empathy and compassion and that all persons are worthy of respect and consideration. To Scott and Kai Vollum, who inspire me every day to make this world a better, more peaceful place. Thank you for your tireless patience, love, and support. To the men and women with mental illness in the state hospital and the criminal justice system, who allowed me into their lives, enabled me to see the problems with the systems, and motivated me to change it. – JKBV
To my family and friends who have ridden with me on the roller coaster of life; To the many caring professionals in the mental health and criminal justice systems that are dedicated to people that are troubled by their own thoughts, and to members of the National Alliance of Mental Illness for decades of hard work and advocacy

(Ebook) The Criminalization of Mental Illness Crisis and Opportunity for the Justice System 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1 • Introduction

• Defining Serious Mental Illness

• Schizophrenia

• Bipolar Disorder

• Major Depressive Disorder

• Prevalence of Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System

• Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System: Defining the Issues

• Addressing Persons with Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System: Successes and Goals for the Future

• References

Chapter 2 • The History of Criminalization of Persons with Mental Illnesses

• Early World History of Mental Illness

  • Pre-Civilization

  • The Ancient Civilizations

  • The Middle Ages

  • The Renaissance

  • The Age of Enlightenment

• American History of Mental Illness Prior to Deinstitutionalization

  • Pre-Civil War

  • Biological Determinism

  • Advances in Understanding the Brain

  • The World Wars

  • State Hospital Censuses Increased, Support Decreased

  • Negative Publicity

  • Discovery of Thorazine

  • Anti-Psychiatry Movement

  • The Civil Rights Movement and Right to Treatment Litigation

  • A Federal Call for Community Mental Health Care

  • The Beginning of Deinstitutionalization

  • Restricting Civil Commitment

  • Governmental Cost Shifting

  • Greater Visibility, Fear, and Punitiveness toward Persons with Mental Illness

  • Criminalization of Persons with Mental Illness

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 3 • Challenges and Needs of Persons with Mental Illness in the Criminal Justice System

• Stigma

  • Components of Mental Illness Stigma

  • Labeling Differences

  • Linking Differences with Stereotypes

  • Separating “Us” from “Them”

  • Status Loss

  • Types of Mental Illness Stigma

  • Structural Stigma and Its Challenges

  • Limited Civil Rights

  • Socio-Economics of Mental Health Care: A Lesson in Cost Shifting

  • A Fragmented and Underfunded Mental Health Care System

  • Lack of Access to Long-Term Care

  • The Shift to Managed Care

  • Medicaid and Medicaid Reform

  • Preferred Drug Lists/Restricted Formularies

  • Admissions to Emergency Rooms

  • Public Stigma and Its Challenges

  • The Dangerousness Stereotype

  • Media Effects

  • Empirical Evidence about Mental Illness and Violence

  • Victimization of Persons with Mental Illness

  • Unemployment and Underemployment

  • Poverty

  • Substandard Housing

  • Homelessness

  • Veterans, Mental Illness, and Homelessness

  • Self-Stigma and Its Challenges

  • Co-Occurring Substance Abuse

  • Medical Issues

  • Obesity

  • Smoking

  • Infectious Diseases

  • Inadequate Medical Care

  • Label Avoidance and Its Challenges

  • Failure to Seek Treatment

  • Anosognosia

  • Negative Side Effects of Medications

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 4 • Civil Commitment

• What Is Civil Commitment?

• Similarities and Differences between Civil and Criminal Commitment

• Inpatient Civil Commitment: History and Reform

  • History of Inpatient Civil Commitment

  • Civil Commitment Reform

  • Post-Reform Involuntary Commitment Criteria

  • Post-Reform Civil Commitment Procedures

  • Post-Reform Due Process

  • Effects of the Civil Commitment Reform

  • The Controversy Surrounding Inpatient Civil Commitment

  • Inpatient Civil Commitment Is Coercive

  • Inpatient Civil Commitment Is Anti-Therapeutic

  • Inpatient Civil Commitment Is Stigmatizing

  • Inpatient Civil Commitment Is Discriminatory

  • Inpatient Civil Commitment Is Driven by Money

  • The Current Status of Inpatient Civil Commitment

  • Dwindling Hospital Beds

  • Statutory Changes to Civil Commitment Laws

  • Civil Commitment Has Become Too Permissive

  • Civil Commitment Has Become Too Restrictive

  • Civil Commitment in Virginia: A State in Crisis

  • Behind the Times: Virginia’s Civil Commitment System Prior to Virginia Tech

  • Examination of the Mental Health System Was Scheduled, but It Came Too Late

  • Springing Into Action: Virginia in the Year Following Virginia Tech

  • Improve Access to Voluntary Services and Use a Recovery Paradigm of Treatment

  • Reduce Criminalization

  • Redesign the Civil Commitment Process

  • The State of Mental Health in Virginia: Post-Virginia Tech

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 5 • Outpatient Commitment

• Types of Outpatient Commitment

• The Current Status of Outpatient Commitment

• The Controversy Surrounding Outpatient Commitment

• The “Facts” about Outpatient Commitment: Critique of the Research

• Opponents’ Opinions about Outpatient Commitment

• Tragedy Drives Policy

• Outpatient Commitment Statutes Are Unconstitutional

• Outpatient Commitment is Coercive

• Outpatient Commitment Is Stigmatizing

• Outpatient Commitment Is Discriminatory

• Outpatient Commitment Depends on the Availability of Services

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 6 • The Law Enforcement Response to Persons with Mental Illnesses in Crises

• Police Encounters with and Perceptions of Persons with Mental Illnesses

• Police Training and Preparedness

• CIT Policy and Procedures

• Communication

• Police Options and Roles

• Specialized Responses

  • Mobile Crisis Teams

  • Police-Based Specialized Responses (PERT, MET, etc.)

  • CIT Programs

• CIT Training and Encounters

• Procedural Fairness and Confidentiality

• Liability and Community Impact

• Outcome Data and CIT Program Results

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 7 • Jail Processing of Persons with Mental Illnesses

• Overrepresentation in Jails

• Estimating Prevalence and Characteristics

• Causes of Overrepresentation

• Rights to Treatment

• Jail Mental Health Services

  • Screening

  • Suicide and Substance Abuse Assessments

  • Mental Health Assessments

  • Crisis Intervention and Short-Term Treatment

  • Psychotropic and Psychotherapeutic Treatment

  • Models of Care

  • Discharge Planning

  • Role and Training of Jail Officers

  • Jail-Based Crisis Teams

• Jail Diversion

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 8 • Traditional Court Processing of Defendants with Mental Illness, Part I: Competency to Stand Trial

• Legal Competence and CST Standard

• CST Evaluation Process

• Research and Predictors

• Restoration Programs and Controversies

• Defendant Rights and Malingering

• Jail-Based Restoration

• Role of Court Professionals

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 9 • Traditional Court Processing of Defendants with Mental Illness, Part II: The Insanity Defense

• Insanity Standards (M’Naghten, ALI, etc.)

• The Hinckley Case

• MSO Evaluation and Reliability

• Trial Procedures and Jury Instructions

• Research on NGRI and Conditional Release

• “Guilty but Mentally Ill” Verdict

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 10 • Mental Health Courts

• Why They Emerged

• Models and Operations

• Court Dynamics and Case Examples

• Results and Challenges

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 11 • Mental Illness in the Prison Population: Secure and Treat?

• Prisoners with Serious Mental Illness

• Challenges and Management

• Design, Segregation, and Supermax

• Correctional Officers and Training

• Treatment and Legal Rights

• Mental Health Service Availability

• Costs and Conclusion

• References

Chapter 12 • Diversion and Reentry: Strategies for Discharging Offenders Living with Mental Illness

• Discharge Planning

• Diversion Programs and Reentry

• ACT Programs

• Probation, Parole, and Reentry Courts

• Conclusion

• References

Chapter 13 • Conclusion: Striving for Informed Policies

• How Crisis Drives Policy

  • Virginia Tech

  • Sandy Hook

• Accountability and Multi-System Collaboration

• Influencing Policy: Testimony, Legislation, Knowledge

• Conclusion

• References

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Tags: Risdon N Slate, Jacqueline K Buffington Vllum, W Wesley Johnson, Mental Illness Crisis