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Preface and Scope of the Study
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Purpose of the inquiry
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Definitions of ablaut and vowel gradation
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Historical and Linguistic Background
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Indo-European ablaut theory
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Greek vowel alternation system
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Relevance of e-grade and o-grade variation
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Classification of Greek Roots Exhibiting E/O Ablaut
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Thematic vs. athematic roots
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Root categories by morphological behavior
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Detailed Analysis of Representative Root Sets
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Type I: Noun-forming roots (e.g., λέγω / λόγος)
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Type II: Verb-forming roots (e.g., φέρω / φόρος)
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Type III: Dual-behavior roots and irregularities
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Mechanisms Behind the Alternation
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Accent and morphological conditioning
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Historical sound laws affecting vowel grade
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Compensatory lengthening and analogical leveling
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Comparison with Other Indo-European Languages
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Sanskrit parallels
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Latin and Germanic examples
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PIE reconstructions and implications
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Linguistic Implications and Conclusions
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Greek phonological development
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Broader Indo-European insights
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Limitations and future research directions
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Appendices
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Appendix A: Table of e/o-grade root examples
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Appendix B: Phonetic inventory and notation
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Appendix C: Bibliographic notes on Greek root studies
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Bibliography
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Index of Greek Roots and Terms
