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EbookNice Team
Status:
Available4.7
26 reviews
ISBN 10: 041597609X
ISBN 13: 9780203944028
Author: Matthew Gordon
The book is the first systematic exploration of a series of phonological phenomena previously thought to be unified under the rubric of syllable weight. Drawing on a typological survey of 400 languages, it is shown that the traditional conception that languages are internally consistent in their weight criteria across weight-based processes is not corroborated by the cross-linguistic survey. Rather than being consistent across phenomena within individual languages, weight turns out to be sensitive to the particular processes involved such that different phenomena display different distributions in weight criteria. The book goes on to explore the motivations behind the process-specific nature of weight, showing that phonetic factors explain much of the variation in weight criteria between phenomena and also the variation in criteria between languages for a single process. The book is unlike other studies in combining an extensive typological survey with detailed phonetic analysis of many languages. The finding that the widely studied phenomenon of syllable weight is not a unified phenomenon, contrary to the established view, is a significant result for the field of theoretical phonology. The book is also an important contribution to the field of phonetically-driven phonology, since it establishes a close link between the phonology of weight and various quantitative phonetic parameters.
Chapter One Introduction
1.0 Background
1.1 Formal Representations of Weight
1.1.1 Skeletal slot models of weight
1.1.2 Moraic models of weight
1.1.3 Representations of Weight and Cross-Linguistic Variation in Weight Criteria
1.2 Inconsistency of Weight Criteria
1.3 The Structure of the Book
Chapter Two The Typology of Weight
2.0 A Survey of Weight
2.1 Preliminary to the Results: The Syllable as a Phonological Constituent
2.2 Methodology of the Survey
5.2.3 Results of the Survey of Weight-Sensitive Stress and Tone
2.3.1 Weight-Sensitive Stress
2.3.1.1 Weight-Sensitive Stress: Results of the Survey
2.3.2 Weight-Sensitive Tone
2.3.2.1 Weight-Sensitive Tone: Results of the Survey
2.4 A Comparison of Weight Criteria for Tone and Stress
2.5 Conflicted Weight Criteria: Two Case Studies
2.5.1 Lhasa Tibetan
2.5.2 Conflicted Weight Criteria: The Case of Classical Greek
2.6 A Phonetic Explanation for the Stress vs. Tone Asymmetry in Weight Criteria
2.7 Language Specificity In Weight Criteria
2.8 The Role of Phonological Simplicity in Syllable Weight
2.9 Summary of the Proposed Model of Weight
2.10 Representations of Weight
2.11 Weight for Stress and Tone as Compared to Weight for Other Phenomena
2.11.1 Compensatory Lengthening
2.11.2 Minimal Word Requirements
2.11.3 Metrics
2.11.4 Syllable Template Phenomena
2.12 Cross-Linguistic Uniformity of Weight-Criteria: An Overview
2.13 Language Internal Uniformity of Weight Criteria
2.13.1 Weight-Sensitive Stress Compared to Other Phenomena
2.13.1.1 Stress vs. Metrics
2.13.1.2 Stress vs. Compensatory Lengthening
2.13.1.3 Stress vs. Syllable Template Restrictions
2.12.1.4 Stress vs. Minimal Word Requirements
2.13.1.5 The Uniformity of Stress and Other Weight-Based Phenomena: A Summary
2.13.2 Weight for Tone as Compared to Weight for Other Processes
2.12.2.1 Tone vs. Compensatory Lengthening
2.12.2.2 Tone vs. Metrics
2.12.2.3 Tone vs. Syllable Template Restrictions
2.12.2.4 Tone vs. Minimal Word Requirements
2.12.2.5 The Uniformity of Tone and Other Weight-Based Phenomena: A Summary
Chapter Three Weight-Sensitive Tone
3.0 The Typology of Weight for Tone
3.1 A Phonetic Basis for Contour Tone Restrictions
3.2 Apparent Exceptions to the Tonal Weight Hierarchy
3.2.1 Languages with a CVV(C), CVC Heavy Criterion for Tone
3.2.1.1 Phonetic Experiment: Hausa
3.2.2 Cantonese
3.2.2.1 Cantonese: A Phonetic Experiment
3.3 The Role of Phonetics in Language Specificity of Tonal Weight
3.3.1 Navajo
3.3.2 Phonetic Evidence for Coda Duration as a Predictor of Weight Criteria: The Case of Lithuanian
3.4 The Directionality Of The Phonetics/Phonology Relationship For Tone
3.5 An Optimality-Theoretic Analysis of Contour Tone Restrictions
3.6 Analyses Of Weight-Sensitive Tone
3.6.1 Kiowa
3.6.2 Krongo
3.6.3 Hausa
3.6.4 Cantonese
3.7 Conclusions
Chapter Four Weight-Sensitive Stress
4.0 Introduction
4.1 A Typology of Weight for Stress
4.1.1 A Typology of Binary Weight Distinctions for Stress
4.1.2 Ternary and Other Complex Distinctions
4.2 Universal Hierarchies of Weight for Stress
4.3 Weight as a Combination of Phonetic Effectiveness and Phonological Simplicity
4.4 The Role of Structural Complexity in Syllable Weight
4.4.1 An Apparent Complex Weight Distinction: The Case of Asheninca
4.4.2 Other Phonologically Simple Weight Distinctions
4.4.3 Structurally Complex Weight Distinctions
4.5 Phonetic Effectiveness
4.5.1 The Phonetic Correlates of Weight-Sensitive Stress
4.5.2 Phonetic Effectiveness and Weight-Sensitive Stress
4.6 Methodology of the Present Study
4.6.1 Languages
4.6.2 Measure of Energy
4.6.3 Phonetic Evaluation of Potential Weight Criteria
4.6.4 A Quantitative Metric of Phonetic Effectiveness
4.7 Results: Total Energy
4.7.1 The Correspondence Between Phonological Weight Hierarchies and a Measure of Phonetic Energy
4.7.2 The Correlation Between Energy and Language-Specific Weight Distinctions
4.7.2.1 Chickasaw: CVV(C) > CVC > CV
4.7.2.2 Japanese: CVV(C), CVC heavy
4.7.2.3 Khalkha: CVV(C) Heavy
4.7.2.4 Finnish: CVV(C), CVC Heavy
4.7.2.5 Telugu: CVV > CVC > CV
4.7.2.6 Javanese: Full Vowels Heavy
4.7.2.7 French
4.7.2.8 Bole
4.7.2.9 Farsi
4.7.2.9 Farsi
4.7.2.10 Russian
4.7.3 The Phonetics of Syllable Weight: A Summary
4.8 Duration as a Potential Correlate of Syllable Weight
4.9 The Directionality of the Phonetics/Phonology Relationship for Stress
4.9.1 The Influence of Structure on Phonetics: Vowel Quality vs. Quantity
4.9.2 The Function of Syllable Structure in Language Specificity of Weight Criteria
4.9.3 The Phonetics-Phonology Relationship: A Summary
4.10 Rarer Conditioning Factors in Weight: Onsets and Tone
4.10.1 Syllable Onsets in Stress Systems
4.10.1.1 Onset Sensitivity and Phonological Complexity
4.10.2 Tone as a Factor in Syllable Weight
4.11 A Constraint Set for Weight-Sensitive Stress Systems
4.12 A Factorial Typology of Stress Systems
Summary
Chapter Five Other Weight-Sensitive Phenomena
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Compensatory Lengthening
5.1.2 The Basis for Compensatory Lengthening
5.2 Metrics
5.3 Minimal Word Requirements
5.3.1 The Basis for Minimal Word Requirements
5.4 Syllable Templates
5.4.1 The Basis for Syllable Template Restrictions
5.4.2 Prohibitions Against CVVR Syllables
5.4.3 The Durational Basis of Syllable Template Restrictions: The Case of Lithuanian
5.4.4 Convergence of Weight Criteria Between Tone and Syllable Template Restrictions: The Case of Lithuanian
5.5 The Role of Structural Complexity in Weight-Sensitive Tone
5.6 Summary of the Results of the Weight Typology
Chapter Six Conclusions
6.1 Summary of the Principal Findings
weight syllables
4 syllable word
is book 1 syllable
1 syllables examples
2 syllable short e words
Tags: Matthew Gordon, Syllable, Phonetics
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