Popular Power, on a history of peer-to-peer Clay Shirky of acceleratorgroup, on where peer-to-peer is likely to be headed Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly & Associates, on redefining the public's perceptions Dan Bricklin, cocreator of Visicalc, on harvesting information from end-users David Anderson of SETI@home, on how SETI@Home created the world's largest computer Jeremie Miller of Jabber, on the Internet as a collection of conversations Gene Kan of Gnutella and GoneSilent.com, on lessons from Gnutella for peer-to-peer technologies Adam Langley of Freenet, on Freenet's present and upcoming architecture Alan Brown of Red Rover, on a deliberately low-tech content distribution system Marc Waldman, Lorrie Cranor, and Avi Rubin of AT&T Labs, on the Publius project and trust in distributed systems Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, andDavid Molnar of Free Haven, on resource allocation and accountability in distributed systems Rael Dornfest of O'Reilly Network and Dan Brickley of ILRT/RDF Web, on metadata Theodore Hong of Freenet, on performance Richard Lethin of Reputation Technologies, on how reputation can be built online Jon Udell ofBYTE and Nimisha Asthagiri andWalter Tuvell of Groove Networks, on security Brandon Wiley of Freenet, on gateways between peer-to-peer systems You'll find information on the latest and greatest systems as well as upcoming efforts in this book.   (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition Table of contents: I. Context and Overview 1. A Network of Peers: Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet A revisionist history of peer-to-peer (1969-1995) Usenet DNS The network model of the Internet explosion (1995-1999) The switch to client/server The breakdown of cooperation Spam: Uncooperative people The TCP rate equation: Cooperative protocols Firewalls, dynamic IP, NAT: The end of the open network Asymmetric bandwidth Observations on the current crop of peer-to-peer applications (2000) Authoring is not the same as publishing Decentralization Abusing port 80 Peer-to-peer prescriptions (2001-?) Technical solutions: Return to the old Internet Social solutions: Engineer polite behavior Conclusions 2. Listening to Napster Resource-centric addressing for unstable environments Peer-to-peer is as peer-to-peer does The veil is pierced Real solutions to real problems Who’s in and who’s out? Peer-to-peer is a horseless carriage Follow the users Users reward simplicity Listen to Napster It’s the applications, stupid Decentralization is a tool, not a goal Where’s the content? PCs are the dark matter of the Internet Promiscuous computers Nothing succeeds like address, or, DNS isn’t the only game in town An explosion of protocols An economic rather than legal challenge All you can eat Yesterday’s technology at tomorrow’s prices, two days late 30 million Britney fans does not a revolution make Peer-to-peer architecture and second-class status Users as consumers, users as providers New winners and losers 3. Remaking the Peer-to-Peer Meme From business models to meme maps A success story: From free software to open source The current peer-to-peer meme map The new peer-to-peer meme map File sharing: Napster and successors Mixing centralization and decentralization: Usenet, email, and IP routing Maximizing use of far-flung resources: Distributed computation Immediate information sharing: The new instant messaging services The writable Web Web services and content syndication Peer-to-peer and devices Strategic positioning and core competencies 4. The Cornucopia of the Commons Ways to fill shared databases CDDB: A case study in how to get a manually created database Napster: Harnessing the power of personal selfishness The commons II. Projects 5. SETI@home Radio SETI How SETI@home works Trials and tribulations Human factors The world’s most powerful computer The peer-to-peer paradigm 6. Jabber: Conversational Technologies Conversations and peers Evolving toward the ideal Jabber is created The centrality of XML Pieces of the infrastructure Identity Presence Roster Architecture Protocols Browsing Conversation management Conclusion 7. Mixmaster Remailers A simple example of remailers Onion routing How Type 2 remailers differ from Type 1 remailers General discussion 8. Gnutella Gnutella in a gnutshell A brief history Gnutella’s first breath Open source to the rescue What makes Gnutella different? Gnutella works like the real world A Gnutella cocktail party A client/server cocktail party Client/server means control, and control means responsibility The client is the server is the network Distributed intelligence Different from Freenet Gnutella’s communication system Message-based, application-level routing TCP broadcast Message broadcasting Dynamic routing Lossy transmission over reliable TCP Organizing Gnutella Placing nodes on the network Gnutella’s analogues The Gnutella horizon Cellular telephony and the Gnutella network Ethernet Cultivating the Gnutella network Gnutella’s traffic problems Host caches Returning the network to its natural state Private Gnutella networks Reducing broadcasts makes a significant impact The policy debates Napster wars Anonymity and peer-to-peer Gnutella pseudoanonymity Downloads, now in the privacy of your own direct connection Anonymous Gnutella chat Next-generation peer-to-peer file-sharing technologies Gnutella’s effects 9. Freenet Requests Detail of requests The data store Keys Key types Content Hash Keys (CHKs) Keyword Signed Keys (KSKs) Signature Verification Keys (SVKs) Keys and redirects Conclusions 10. Red Rover Architecture The hub The clients The subscribers Client life cycle Putting low-tech “weaknesses” into perspective Acknowledgments 11. Publius Why censorship-resistant anonymous publishing? Publius and other systems in this book System architecture Cryptography fundamentals Encryption and decryption Secret sharing Hash functions Publius operations Publish operation Retrieve operation Update operation Delete operation Publius implementation User interface Server software Client software Publius MIME type Publius in a nutshell 12. Free Haven Privacy in data-sharing systems Reliability with anonymity Anonymity for anonymous storage Partial anonymity The design of Free Haven Elements of the system Storage Publication Retrieval Share expiration Document revocation Trading Receipts Accountability and the buddy system Communications channel Reputation system Introducers Implementation status Attacks on Free Haven Attacks on documents or the servnet Attacks on the reputation system Attacks on anonymity An analysis of anonymity Future work Conclusion Acknowledgments III. Technical Topics 13. Metadata Data about data Metadata lessons from the Web Resource description Searching Resources and relationships: A historical overview Foundations of resource description: Unique identifiers A contrasting evolution: MP3 and the metadata marketplace Conclusion 14. Performance A note on terminology Why performance matters Bandwidth barriers It’s a small, small world An excursion into graph theory The small-world model Case study 1: Freenet Initial experiments Simulating growth Simulating fault tolerance Link distribution in Freenet The impact of free riding Scalability Case study 2: Gnutella Initial experiments Fault tolerance and link distribution in Gnutella The impact of free riding Scalability Conclusions Acknowledgments 15. Trust Trust in real life, and its lessons for computer networks Trusting downloaded software Message digest functions Digital signatures Digital certificates Signature verification Open source software Sandboxing and wrappers Trust in censorship-resistant publishing systems Publius in a nutshell Risks involved in web server logging Anonymizing proxies Censorship in Publius Using the Update mechanism to censor Publius proxy volunteers Third-party trust issues in Publius Other anonymity tools SSL Mix networks Crowds Denial of service attacks Quota systems CPU-based payment schemes Anonymous e-cash payment schemes Legal and physical attacks Trust in other systems Mojo Nation and Free Haven The Eternity Service Eternity Usenet File-sharing systems Napster Gnutella Freenet Content certification Trust and search engines Distributed search engines Deniability Conclusions 16. Accountability The difficulty of accountability Special problems posed by peer-to-peer systems Peer-to-peer models and their impacts on accountability Purposes of micropayments and reputation systems Junk mail as a resource allocation problem Pseudonymity and its consequences Problems with pseudospoofing and possible defenses Reputation for sale—SOLD! Common methods for dealing with flooding and DoS attacks Caching and mirroring Active caching and mirroring Micropayment schemes Varieties of micropayments or digital cash Nonfungible micropayments Extended types of nonfungible micropayments Nonparallelizable work functions Fungible micropayments Freeloading Fungible payments for accountability Micropayment digital cash schemes Making money off others’ work Anonymous macropayment digital cash schemes The use and effectiveness of micropayments in peer-to-peer systems Identity-based payment policies General considerations in an economic analysis of micropayment design Moderating security levels: An accountability slider Reputations Early reputation systems online Codifying reputation on a wide scale: The PGP web of trust Who will moderate the moderators: Slashdot Reputations worth real money: eBay A reputation system that resists pseudospoofing: Advogato System successes and failures Scoring systems Attacks and adversaries Aspects of a scoring system Collecting ratings Bootstrapping Personalizing reputation searches Scoring algorithms Privacy and information leaks Decentralizing the scoring system Multiple trusted parties True decentralization A case study: Accountability in Free Haven Micropayments The difficulty of distributed systems: How to exchange micropayments among peers Micropayments in the Free Haven context Reputation systems Other considerations from the case study Conclusion Acknowledgments 17. Reputation Examples of using the Reputation Server Reputation domains, entities, and multidimensional reputations Identity as an element of reputation Interface to the marketplace Scoring system Reputation metrics Credibility Interdomain sharing Bootstrapping Long-term vision Central Reputation Server versus distributed Reputation Servers Summary 18. Security Groove versus email Why secure email is a failure The solution: A Groove shared space Security characteristics of a shared space Mutually-trusting shared spaces Anatomy of a mutually-trusting shared space The key to mutual trust Mutually-suspicious shared spaces Message fanout Fetching lost messages Shared space formation and trusted authentication Inviting people into shared spaces The New-Member-Added delta message Key versioning and key dependencies Central control and local autonomy Practical security for real-world collaboration Taxonomy of Groove keys 19. Interoperability Through Gateways Why unification? Why not an ÜberNetwork? Why not an ÜberClient? Why not just use XML? One network with a thousand faces Well-known networks and their roles Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Free Haven and Publius Problems creating gateways Problems with inserts Problems with requests Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Publius Free Haven Gateway implementation Existing projects Conclusion Acknowledgments 20. Afterword Precedents and parries Who gets to innovate? A clean sweep? A. Directory of Peer-to-Peer Projects B. Contributors Index People also search for (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition: the power and potential of peer support in workplace interventions    harness the power of    power of peer    peer-to-peer harnessing the power of disruptive technologies pdf    harness the power of data Tags: Andy Oram, Harnessing, Power, Disruptive Technologies *Free conversion of into popular formats such as PDF, DOCX, DOC, AZW, EPUB, and MOBI after payment."> Popular Power, on a history of peer-to-peer Clay Shirky of acceleratorgroup, on where peer-to-peer is likely to be headed Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly & Associates, on redefining the public's perceptions Dan Bricklin, cocreator of Visicalc, on harvesting information from end-users David Anderson of SETI@home, on how SETI@Home created the world's largest computer Jeremie Miller of Jabber, on the Internet as a collection of conversations Gene Kan of Gnutella and GoneSilent.com, on lessons from Gnutella for peer-to-peer technologies Adam Langley of Freenet, on Freenet's present and upcoming architecture Alan Brown of Red Rover, on a deliberately low-tech content distribution system Marc Waldman, Lorrie Cranor, and Avi Rubin of AT&T Labs, on the Publius project and trust in distributed systems Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, andDavid Molnar of Free Haven, on resource allocation and accountability in distributed systems Rael Dornfest of O'Reilly Network and Dan Brickley of ILRT/RDF Web, on metadata Theodore Hong of Freenet, on performance Richard Lethin of Reputation Technologies, on how reputation can be built online Jon Udell ofBYTE and Nimisha Asthagiri andWalter Tuvell of Groove Networks, on security Brandon Wiley of Freenet, on gateways between peer-to-peer systems You'll find information on the latest and greatest systems as well as upcoming efforts in this book.   (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition Table of contents: I. Context and Overview 1. A Network of Peers: Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet A revisionist history of peer-to-peer (1969-1995) Usenet DNS The network model of the Internet explosion (1995-1999) The switch to client/server The breakdown of cooperation Spam: Uncooperative people The TCP rate equation: Cooperative protocols Firewalls, dynamic IP, NAT: The end of the open network Asymmetric bandwidth Observations on the current crop of peer-to-peer applications (2000) Authoring is not the same as publishing Decentralization Abusing port 80 Peer-to-peer prescriptions (2001-?) Technical solutions: Return to the old Internet Social solutions: Engineer polite behavior Conclusions 2. Listening to Napster Resource-centric addressing for unstable environments Peer-to-peer is as peer-to-peer does The veil is pierced Real solutions to real problems Who’s in and who’s out? Peer-to-peer is a horseless carriage Follow the users Users reward simplicity Listen to Napster It’s the applications, stupid Decentralization is a tool, not a goal Where’s the content? PCs are the dark matter of the Internet Promiscuous computers Nothing succeeds like address, or, DNS isn’t the only game in town An explosion of protocols An economic rather than legal challenge All you can eat Yesterday’s technology at tomorrow’s prices, two days late 30 million Britney fans does not a revolution make Peer-to-peer architecture and second-class status Users as consumers, users as providers New winners and losers 3. Remaking the Peer-to-Peer Meme From business models to meme maps A success story: From free software to open source The current peer-to-peer meme map The new peer-to-peer meme map File sharing: Napster and successors Mixing centralization and decentralization: Usenet, email, and IP routing Maximizing use of far-flung resources: Distributed computation Immediate information sharing: The new instant messaging services The writable Web Web services and content syndication Peer-to-peer and devices Strategic positioning and core competencies 4. The Cornucopia of the Commons Ways to fill shared databases CDDB: A case study in how to get a manually created database Napster: Harnessing the power of personal selfishness The commons II. Projects 5. SETI@home Radio SETI How SETI@home works Trials and tribulations Human factors The world’s most powerful computer The peer-to-peer paradigm 6. Jabber: Conversational Technologies Conversations and peers Evolving toward the ideal Jabber is created The centrality of XML Pieces of the infrastructure Identity Presence Roster Architecture Protocols Browsing Conversation management Conclusion 7. Mixmaster Remailers A simple example of remailers Onion routing How Type 2 remailers differ from Type 1 remailers General discussion 8. Gnutella Gnutella in a gnutshell A brief history Gnutella’s first breath Open source to the rescue What makes Gnutella different? Gnutella works like the real world A Gnutella cocktail party A client/server cocktail party Client/server means control, and control means responsibility The client is the server is the network Distributed intelligence Different from Freenet Gnutella’s communication system Message-based, application-level routing TCP broadcast Message broadcasting Dynamic routing Lossy transmission over reliable TCP Organizing Gnutella Placing nodes on the network Gnutella’s analogues The Gnutella horizon Cellular telephony and the Gnutella network Ethernet Cultivating the Gnutella network Gnutella’s traffic problems Host caches Returning the network to its natural state Private Gnutella networks Reducing broadcasts makes a significant impact The policy debates Napster wars Anonymity and peer-to-peer Gnutella pseudoanonymity Downloads, now in the privacy of your own direct connection Anonymous Gnutella chat Next-generation peer-to-peer file-sharing technologies Gnutella’s effects 9. Freenet Requests Detail of requests The data store Keys Key types Content Hash Keys (CHKs) Keyword Signed Keys (KSKs) Signature Verification Keys (SVKs) Keys and redirects Conclusions 10. Red Rover Architecture The hub The clients The subscribers Client life cycle Putting low-tech “weaknesses” into perspective Acknowledgments 11. Publius Why censorship-resistant anonymous publishing? Publius and other systems in this book System architecture Cryptography fundamentals Encryption and decryption Secret sharing Hash functions Publius operations Publish operation Retrieve operation Update operation Delete operation Publius implementation User interface Server software Client software Publius MIME type Publius in a nutshell 12. Free Haven Privacy in data-sharing systems Reliability with anonymity Anonymity for anonymous storage Partial anonymity The design of Free Haven Elements of the system Storage Publication Retrieval Share expiration Document revocation Trading Receipts Accountability and the buddy system Communications channel Reputation system Introducers Implementation status Attacks on Free Haven Attacks on documents or the servnet Attacks on the reputation system Attacks on anonymity An analysis of anonymity Future work Conclusion Acknowledgments III. Technical Topics 13. Metadata Data about data Metadata lessons from the Web Resource description Searching Resources and relationships: A historical overview Foundations of resource description: Unique identifiers A contrasting evolution: MP3 and the metadata marketplace Conclusion 14. Performance A note on terminology Why performance matters Bandwidth barriers It’s a small, small world An excursion into graph theory The small-world model Case study 1: Freenet Initial experiments Simulating growth Simulating fault tolerance Link distribution in Freenet The impact of free riding Scalability Case study 2: Gnutella Initial experiments Fault tolerance and link distribution in Gnutella The impact of free riding Scalability Conclusions Acknowledgments 15. Trust Trust in real life, and its lessons for computer networks Trusting downloaded software Message digest functions Digital signatures Digital certificates Signature verification Open source software Sandboxing and wrappers Trust in censorship-resistant publishing systems Publius in a nutshell Risks involved in web server logging Anonymizing proxies Censorship in Publius Using the Update mechanism to censor Publius proxy volunteers Third-party trust issues in Publius Other anonymity tools SSL Mix networks Crowds Denial of service attacks Quota systems CPU-based payment schemes Anonymous e-cash payment schemes Legal and physical attacks Trust in other systems Mojo Nation and Free Haven The Eternity Service Eternity Usenet File-sharing systems Napster Gnutella Freenet Content certification Trust and search engines Distributed search engines Deniability Conclusions 16. Accountability The difficulty of accountability Special problems posed by peer-to-peer systems Peer-to-peer models and their impacts on accountability Purposes of micropayments and reputation systems Junk mail as a resource allocation problem Pseudonymity and its consequences Problems with pseudospoofing and possible defenses Reputation for sale—SOLD! Common methods for dealing with flooding and DoS attacks Caching and mirroring Active caching and mirroring Micropayment schemes Varieties of micropayments or digital cash Nonfungible micropayments Extended types of nonfungible micropayments Nonparallelizable work functions Fungible micropayments Freeloading Fungible payments for accountability Micropayment digital cash schemes Making money off others’ work Anonymous macropayment digital cash schemes The use and effectiveness of micropayments in peer-to-peer systems Identity-based payment policies General considerations in an economic analysis of micropayment design Moderating security levels: An accountability slider Reputations Early reputation systems online Codifying reputation on a wide scale: The PGP web of trust Who will moderate the moderators: Slashdot Reputations worth real money: eBay A reputation system that resists pseudospoofing: Advogato System successes and failures Scoring systems Attacks and adversaries Aspects of a scoring system Collecting ratings Bootstrapping Personalizing reputation searches Scoring algorithms Privacy and information leaks Decentralizing the scoring system Multiple trusted parties True decentralization A case study: Accountability in Free Haven Micropayments The difficulty of distributed systems: How to exchange micropayments among peers Micropayments in the Free Haven context Reputation systems Other considerations from the case study Conclusion Acknowledgments 17. Reputation Examples of using the Reputation Server Reputation domains, entities, and multidimensional reputations Identity as an element of reputation Interface to the marketplace Scoring system Reputation metrics Credibility Interdomain sharing Bootstrapping Long-term vision Central Reputation Server versus distributed Reputation Servers Summary 18. Security Groove versus email Why secure email is a failure The solution: A Groove shared space Security characteristics of a shared space Mutually-trusting shared spaces Anatomy of a mutually-trusting shared space The key to mutual trust Mutually-suspicious shared spaces Message fanout Fetching lost messages Shared space formation and trusted authentication Inviting people into shared spaces The New-Member-Added delta message Key versioning and key dependencies Central control and local autonomy Practical security for real-world collaboration Taxonomy of Groove keys 19. Interoperability Through Gateways Why unification? Why not an ÜberNetwork? Why not an ÜberClient? Why not just use XML? One network with a thousand faces Well-known networks and their roles Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Free Haven and Publius Problems creating gateways Problems with inserts Problems with requests Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Publius Free Haven Gateway implementation Existing projects Conclusion Acknowledgments 20. Afterword Precedents and parries Who gets to innovate? A clean sweep? A. Directory of Peer-to-Peer Projects B. Contributors Index People also search for (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition: the power and potential of peer support in workplace interventions    harness the power of    power of peer    peer-to-peer harnessing the power of disruptive technologies pdf    harness the power of data Tags: Andy Oram, Harnessing, Power, Disruptive Technologies *Free conversion of into popular formats such as PDF, DOCX, DOC, AZW, EPUB, and MOBI after payment."> Popular Power, on a history of peer-to-peer Clay Shirky of acceleratorgroup, on where peer-to-peer is likely to be headed Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly & Associates, on redefining the public's perceptions Dan Bricklin, cocreator of Visicalc, on harvesting information from end-users David Anderson of SETI@home, on how SETI@Home created the world's largest computer Jeremie Miller of Jabber, on the Internet as a collection of conversations Gene Kan of Gnutella and GoneSilent.com, on lessons from Gnutella for peer-to-peer technologies Adam Langley of Freenet, on Freenet's present and upcoming architecture Alan Brown of Red Rover, on a deliberately low-tech content distribution system Marc Waldman, Lorrie Cranor, and Avi Rubin of AT&T Labs, on the Publius project and trust in distributed systems Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, andDavid Molnar of Free Haven, on resource allocation and accountability in distributed systems Rael Dornfest of O'Reilly Network and Dan Brickley of ILRT/RDF Web, on metadata Theodore Hong of Freenet, on performance Richard Lethin of Reputation Technologies, on how reputation can be built online Jon Udell ofBYTE and Nimisha Asthagiri andWalter Tuvell of Groove Networks, on security Brandon Wiley of Freenet, on gateways between peer-to-peer systems You'll find information on the latest and greatest systems as well as upcoming efforts in this book.   (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition Table of contents: I. Context and Overview 1. A Network of Peers: Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet A revisionist history of peer-to-peer (1969-1995) Usenet DNS The network model of the Internet explosion (1995-1999) The switch to client/server The breakdown of cooperation Spam: Uncooperative people The TCP rate equation: Cooperative protocols Firewalls, dynamic IP, NAT: The end of the open network Asymmetric bandwidth Observations on the current crop of peer-to-peer applications (2000) Authoring is not the same as publishing Decentralization Abusing port 80 Peer-to-peer prescriptions (2001-?) Technical solutions: Return to the old Internet Social solutions: Engineer polite behavior Conclusions 2. Listening to Napster Resource-centric addressing for unstable environments Peer-to-peer is as peer-to-peer does The veil is pierced Real solutions to real problems Who’s in and who’s out? Peer-to-peer is a horseless carriage Follow the users Users reward simplicity Listen to Napster It’s the applications, stupid Decentralization is a tool, not a goal Where’s the content? PCs are the dark matter of the Internet Promiscuous computers Nothing succeeds like address, or, DNS isn’t the only game in town An explosion of protocols An economic rather than legal challenge All you can eat Yesterday’s technology at tomorrow’s prices, two days late 30 million Britney fans does not a revolution make Peer-to-peer architecture and second-class status Users as consumers, users as providers New winners and losers 3. Remaking the Peer-to-Peer Meme From business models to meme maps A success story: From free software to open source The current peer-to-peer meme map The new peer-to-peer meme map File sharing: Napster and successors Mixing centralization and decentralization: Usenet, email, and IP routing Maximizing use of far-flung resources: Distributed computation Immediate information sharing: The new instant messaging services The writable Web Web services and content syndication Peer-to-peer and devices Strategic positioning and core competencies 4. The Cornucopia of the Commons Ways to fill shared databases CDDB: A case study in how to get a manually created database Napster: Harnessing the power of personal selfishness The commons II. Projects 5. SETI@home Radio SETI How SETI@home works Trials and tribulations Human factors The world’s most powerful computer The peer-to-peer paradigm 6. Jabber: Conversational Technologies Conversations and peers Evolving toward the ideal Jabber is created The centrality of XML Pieces of the infrastructure Identity Presence Roster Architecture Protocols Browsing Conversation management Conclusion 7. Mixmaster Remailers A simple example of remailers Onion routing How Type 2 remailers differ from Type 1 remailers General discussion 8. Gnutella Gnutella in a gnutshell A brief history Gnutella’s first breath Open source to the rescue What makes Gnutella different? Gnutella works like the real world A Gnutella cocktail party A client/server cocktail party Client/server means control, and control means responsibility The client is the server is the network Distributed intelligence Different from Freenet Gnutella’s communication system Message-based, application-level routing TCP broadcast Message broadcasting Dynamic routing Lossy transmission over reliable TCP Organizing Gnutella Placing nodes on the network Gnutella’s analogues The Gnutella horizon Cellular telephony and the Gnutella network Ethernet Cultivating the Gnutella network Gnutella’s traffic problems Host caches Returning the network to its natural state Private Gnutella networks Reducing broadcasts makes a significant impact The policy debates Napster wars Anonymity and peer-to-peer Gnutella pseudoanonymity Downloads, now in the privacy of your own direct connection Anonymous Gnutella chat Next-generation peer-to-peer file-sharing technologies Gnutella’s effects 9. Freenet Requests Detail of requests The data store Keys Key types Content Hash Keys (CHKs) Keyword Signed Keys (KSKs) Signature Verification Keys (SVKs) Keys and redirects Conclusions 10. Red Rover Architecture The hub The clients The subscribers Client life cycle Putting low-tech “weaknesses” into perspective Acknowledgments 11. Publius Why censorship-resistant anonymous publishing? Publius and other systems in this book System architecture Cryptography fundamentals Encryption and decryption Secret sharing Hash functions Publius operations Publish operation Retrieve operation Update operation Delete operation Publius implementation User interface Server software Client software Publius MIME type Publius in a nutshell 12. Free Haven Privacy in data-sharing systems Reliability with anonymity Anonymity for anonymous storage Partial anonymity The design of Free Haven Elements of the system Storage Publication Retrieval Share expiration Document revocation Trading Receipts Accountability and the buddy system Communications channel Reputation system Introducers Implementation status Attacks on Free Haven Attacks on documents or the servnet Attacks on the reputation system Attacks on anonymity An analysis of anonymity Future work Conclusion Acknowledgments III. Technical Topics 13. Metadata Data about data Metadata lessons from the Web Resource description Searching Resources and relationships: A historical overview Foundations of resource description: Unique identifiers A contrasting evolution: MP3 and the metadata marketplace Conclusion 14. Performance A note on terminology Why performance matters Bandwidth barriers It’s a small, small world An excursion into graph theory The small-world model Case study 1: Freenet Initial experiments Simulating growth Simulating fault tolerance Link distribution in Freenet The impact of free riding Scalability Case study 2: Gnutella Initial experiments Fault tolerance and link distribution in Gnutella The impact of free riding Scalability Conclusions Acknowledgments 15. Trust Trust in real life, and its lessons for computer networks Trusting downloaded software Message digest functions Digital signatures Digital certificates Signature verification Open source software Sandboxing and wrappers Trust in censorship-resistant publishing systems Publius in a nutshell Risks involved in web server logging Anonymizing proxies Censorship in Publius Using the Update mechanism to censor Publius proxy volunteers Third-party trust issues in Publius Other anonymity tools SSL Mix networks Crowds Denial of service attacks Quota systems CPU-based payment schemes Anonymous e-cash payment schemes Legal and physical attacks Trust in other systems Mojo Nation and Free Haven The Eternity Service Eternity Usenet File-sharing systems Napster Gnutella Freenet Content certification Trust and search engines Distributed search engines Deniability Conclusions 16. Accountability The difficulty of accountability Special problems posed by peer-to-peer systems Peer-to-peer models and their impacts on accountability Purposes of micropayments and reputation systems Junk mail as a resource allocation problem Pseudonymity and its consequences Problems with pseudospoofing and possible defenses Reputation for sale—SOLD! Common methods for dealing with flooding and DoS attacks Caching and mirroring Active caching and mirroring Micropayment schemes Varieties of micropayments or digital cash Nonfungible micropayments Extended types of nonfungible micropayments Nonparallelizable work functions Fungible micropayments Freeloading Fungible payments for accountability Micropayment digital cash schemes Making money off others’ work Anonymous macropayment digital cash schemes The use and effectiveness of micropayments in peer-to-peer systems Identity-based payment policies General considerations in an economic analysis of micropayment design Moderating security levels: An accountability slider Reputations Early reputation systems online Codifying reputation on a wide scale: The PGP web of trust Who will moderate the moderators: Slashdot Reputations worth real money: eBay A reputation system that resists pseudospoofing: Advogato System successes and failures Scoring systems Attacks and adversaries Aspects of a scoring system Collecting ratings Bootstrapping Personalizing reputation searches Scoring algorithms Privacy and information leaks Decentralizing the scoring system Multiple trusted parties True decentralization A case study: Accountability in Free Haven Micropayments The difficulty of distributed systems: How to exchange micropayments among peers Micropayments in the Free Haven context Reputation systems Other considerations from the case study Conclusion Acknowledgments 17. Reputation Examples of using the Reputation Server Reputation domains, entities, and multidimensional reputations Identity as an element of reputation Interface to the marketplace Scoring system Reputation metrics Credibility Interdomain sharing Bootstrapping Long-term vision Central Reputation Server versus distributed Reputation Servers Summary 18. Security Groove versus email Why secure email is a failure The solution: A Groove shared space Security characteristics of a shared space Mutually-trusting shared spaces Anatomy of a mutually-trusting shared space The key to mutual trust Mutually-suspicious shared spaces Message fanout Fetching lost messages Shared space formation and trusted authentication Inviting people into shared spaces The New-Member-Added delta message Key versioning and key dependencies Central control and local autonomy Practical security for real-world collaboration Taxonomy of Groove keys 19. Interoperability Through Gateways Why unification? Why not an ÜberNetwork? Why not an ÜberClient? Why not just use XML? One network with a thousand faces Well-known networks and their roles Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Free Haven and Publius Problems creating gateways Problems with inserts Problems with requests Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Publius Free Haven Gateway implementation Existing projects Conclusion Acknowledgments 20. Afterword Precedents and parries Who gets to innovate? A clean sweep? A. Directory of Peer-to-Peer Projects B. Contributors Index People also search for (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition: the power and potential of peer support in workplace interventions    harness the power of    power of peer    peer-to-peer harnessing the power of disruptive technologies pdf    harness the power of data Tags: Andy Oram, Harnessing, Power, Disruptive Technologies *Free conversion of into popular formats such as PDF, DOCX, DOC, AZW, EPUB, and MOBI after payment."> Popular Power, on a history of peer-to-peer Clay Shirky of acceleratorgroup, on where peer-to-peer is likely to be headed Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly & Associates, on redefining the public's perceptions Dan Bricklin, cocreator of Visicalc, on harvesting information from end-users David Anderson of SETI@home, on how SETI@Home created the world's largest computer Jeremie Miller of Jabber, on the Internet as a collection of conversations Gene Kan of Gnutella and GoneSilent.com, on lessons from Gnutella for peer-to-peer technologies Adam Langley of Freenet, on Freenet's present and upcoming architecture Alan Brown of Red Rover, on a deliberately low-tech content distribution system Marc Waldman, Lorrie Cranor, and Avi Rubin of AT&T Labs, on the Publius project and trust in distributed systems Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, andDavid Molnar of Free Haven, on resource allocation and accountability in distributed systems Rael Dornfest of O'Reilly Network and Dan Brickley of ILRT/RDF Web, on metadata Theodore Hong of Freenet, on performance Richard Lethin of Reputation Technologies, on how reputation can be built online Jon Udell ofBYTE and Nimisha Asthagiri andWalter Tuvell of Groove Networks, on security Brandon Wiley of Freenet, on gateways between peer-to-peer systems You'll find information on the latest and greatest systems as well as upcoming efforts in this book.   (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition Table of contents: I. Context and Overview 1. A Network of Peers: Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet A revisionist history of peer-to-peer (1969-1995) Usenet DNS The network model of the Internet explosion (1995-1999) The switch to client/server The breakdown of cooperation Spam: Uncooperative people The TCP rate equation: Cooperative protocols Firewalls, dynamic IP, NAT: The end of the open network Asymmetric bandwidth Observations on the current crop of peer-to-peer applications (2000) Authoring is not the same as publishing Decentralization Abusing port 80 Peer-to-peer prescriptions (2001-?) Technical solutions: Return to the old Internet Social solutions: Engineer polite behavior Conclusions 2. Listening to Napster Resource-centric addressing for unstable environments Peer-to-peer is as peer-to-peer does The veil is pierced Real solutions to real problems Who’s in and who’s out? Peer-to-peer is a horseless carriage Follow the users Users reward simplicity Listen to Napster It’s the applications, stupid Decentralization is a tool, not a goal Where’s the content? PCs are the dark matter of the Internet Promiscuous computers Nothing succeeds like address, or, DNS isn’t the only game in town An explosion of protocols An economic rather than legal challenge All you can eat Yesterday’s technology at tomorrow’s prices, two days late 30 million Britney fans does not a revolution make Peer-to-peer architecture and second-class status Users as consumers, users as providers New winners and losers 3. Remaking the Peer-to-Peer Meme From business models to meme maps A success story: From free software to open source The current peer-to-peer meme map The new peer-to-peer meme map File sharing: Napster and successors Mixing centralization and decentralization: Usenet, email, and IP routing Maximizing use of far-flung resources: Distributed computation Immediate information sharing: The new instant messaging services The writable Web Web services and content syndication Peer-to-peer and devices Strategic positioning and core competencies 4. The Cornucopia of the Commons Ways to fill shared databases CDDB: A case study in how to get a manually created database Napster: Harnessing the power of personal selfishness The commons II. Projects 5. SETI@home Radio SETI How SETI@home works Trials and tribulations Human factors The world’s most powerful computer The peer-to-peer paradigm 6. Jabber: Conversational Technologies Conversations and peers Evolving toward the ideal Jabber is created The centrality of XML Pieces of the infrastructure Identity Presence Roster Architecture Protocols Browsing Conversation management Conclusion 7. Mixmaster Remailers A simple example of remailers Onion routing How Type 2 remailers differ from Type 1 remailers General discussion 8. Gnutella Gnutella in a gnutshell A brief history Gnutella’s first breath Open source to the rescue What makes Gnutella different? Gnutella works like the real world A Gnutella cocktail party A client/server cocktail party Client/server means control, and control means responsibility The client is the server is the network Distributed intelligence Different from Freenet Gnutella’s communication system Message-based, application-level routing TCP broadcast Message broadcasting Dynamic routing Lossy transmission over reliable TCP Organizing Gnutella Placing nodes on the network Gnutella’s analogues The Gnutella horizon Cellular telephony and the Gnutella network Ethernet Cultivating the Gnutella network Gnutella’s traffic problems Host caches Returning the network to its natural state Private Gnutella networks Reducing broadcasts makes a significant impact The policy debates Napster wars Anonymity and peer-to-peer Gnutella pseudoanonymity Downloads, now in the privacy of your own direct connection Anonymous Gnutella chat Next-generation peer-to-peer file-sharing technologies Gnutella’s effects 9. Freenet Requests Detail of requests The data store Keys Key types Content Hash Keys (CHKs) Keyword Signed Keys (KSKs) Signature Verification Keys (SVKs) Keys and redirects Conclusions 10. Red Rover Architecture The hub The clients The subscribers Client life cycle Putting low-tech “weaknesses” into perspective Acknowledgments 11. Publius Why censorship-resistant anonymous publishing? Publius and other systems in this book System architecture Cryptography fundamentals Encryption and decryption Secret sharing Hash functions Publius operations Publish operation Retrieve operation Update operation Delete operation Publius implementation User interface Server software Client software Publius MIME type Publius in a nutshell 12. Free Haven Privacy in data-sharing systems Reliability with anonymity Anonymity for anonymous storage Partial anonymity The design of Free Haven Elements of the system Storage Publication Retrieval Share expiration Document revocation Trading Receipts Accountability and the buddy system Communications channel Reputation system Introducers Implementation status Attacks on Free Haven Attacks on documents or the servnet Attacks on the reputation system Attacks on anonymity An analysis of anonymity Future work Conclusion Acknowledgments III. Technical Topics 13. Metadata Data about data Metadata lessons from the Web Resource description Searching Resources and relationships: A historical overview Foundations of resource description: Unique identifiers A contrasting evolution: MP3 and the metadata marketplace Conclusion 14. Performance A note on terminology Why performance matters Bandwidth barriers It’s a small, small world An excursion into graph theory The small-world model Case study 1: Freenet Initial experiments Simulating growth Simulating fault tolerance Link distribution in Freenet The impact of free riding Scalability Case study 2: Gnutella Initial experiments Fault tolerance and link distribution in Gnutella The impact of free riding Scalability Conclusions Acknowledgments 15. Trust Trust in real life, and its lessons for computer networks Trusting downloaded software Message digest functions Digital signatures Digital certificates Signature verification Open source software Sandboxing and wrappers Trust in censorship-resistant publishing systems Publius in a nutshell Risks involved in web server logging Anonymizing proxies Censorship in Publius Using the Update mechanism to censor Publius proxy volunteers Third-party trust issues in Publius Other anonymity tools SSL Mix networks Crowds Denial of service attacks Quota systems CPU-based payment schemes Anonymous e-cash payment schemes Legal and physical attacks Trust in other systems Mojo Nation and Free Haven The Eternity Service Eternity Usenet File-sharing systems Napster Gnutella Freenet Content certification Trust and search engines Distributed search engines Deniability Conclusions 16. Accountability The difficulty of accountability Special problems posed by peer-to-peer systems Peer-to-peer models and their impacts on accountability Purposes of micropayments and reputation systems Junk mail as a resource allocation problem Pseudonymity and its consequences Problems with pseudospoofing and possible defenses Reputation for sale—SOLD! Common methods for dealing with flooding and DoS attacks Caching and mirroring Active caching and mirroring Micropayment schemes Varieties of micropayments or digital cash Nonfungible micropayments Extended types of nonfungible micropayments Nonparallelizable work functions Fungible micropayments Freeloading Fungible payments for accountability Micropayment digital cash schemes Making money off others’ work Anonymous macropayment digital cash schemes The use and effectiveness of micropayments in peer-to-peer systems Identity-based payment policies General considerations in an economic analysis of micropayment design Moderating security levels: An accountability slider Reputations Early reputation systems online Codifying reputation on a wide scale: The PGP web of trust Who will moderate the moderators: Slashdot Reputations worth real money: eBay A reputation system that resists pseudospoofing: Advogato System successes and failures Scoring systems Attacks and adversaries Aspects of a scoring system Collecting ratings Bootstrapping Personalizing reputation searches Scoring algorithms Privacy and information leaks Decentralizing the scoring system Multiple trusted parties True decentralization A case study: Accountability in Free Haven Micropayments The difficulty of distributed systems: How to exchange micropayments among peers Micropayments in the Free Haven context Reputation systems Other considerations from the case study Conclusion Acknowledgments 17. Reputation Examples of using the Reputation Server Reputation domains, entities, and multidimensional reputations Identity as an element of reputation Interface to the marketplace Scoring system Reputation metrics Credibility Interdomain sharing Bootstrapping Long-term vision Central Reputation Server versus distributed Reputation Servers Summary 18. Security Groove versus email Why secure email is a failure The solution: A Groove shared space Security characteristics of a shared space Mutually-trusting shared spaces Anatomy of a mutually-trusting shared space The key to mutual trust Mutually-suspicious shared spaces Message fanout Fetching lost messages Shared space formation and trusted authentication Inviting people into shared spaces The New-Member-Added delta message Key versioning and key dependencies Central control and local autonomy Practical security for real-world collaboration Taxonomy of Groove keys 19. Interoperability Through Gateways Why unification? Why not an ÜberNetwork? Why not an ÜberClient? Why not just use XML? One network with a thousand faces Well-known networks and their roles Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Free Haven and Publius Problems creating gateways Problems with inserts Problems with requests Freenet Gnutella Mojo Nation Publius Free Haven Gateway implementation Existing projects Conclusion Acknowledgments 20. Afterword Precedents and parries Who gets to innovate? A clean sweep? A. Directory of Peer-to-Peer Projects B. Contributors Index People also search for (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition: the power and potential of peer support in workplace interventions    harness the power of    power of peer    peer-to-peer harnessing the power of disruptive technologies pdf    harness the power of data Tags: Andy Oram, Harnessing, Power, Disruptive Technologies *Free conversion of into popular formats such as PDF, DOCX, DOC, AZW, EPUB, and MOBI after payment.">
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(Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition by Andy Oram ISBN 9780596001100 059600110X

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Authors:Andy Oram
Pages:265 pages.
Year:2001
Editon:1st
Publisher:O'Reilly Media
Language:english
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ISBNS:9780596001100, 059600110X
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(Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition by Andy Oram ISBN 9780596001100 059600110X

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ISBN 10: 059600110X
ISBN 13: 9780596001100
Author: Andy Oram

The term "peer-to-peer" has come to be applied to networks that expect end users to contribute their own files, computing time, or other resources to some shared project. Even more interesting than the systems' technical underpinnings are their socially disruptive potential: in various ways they return content, choice, and control to ordinary users. While this book is mostly about the technical promise of peer-to-peer, we also talk about its exciting social promise. Communities have been forming on the Internet for a long time, but they have been limited by the flat interactive qualities of email and Network newsgroups. People can exchange recommendations and ideas over these media, but have great difficulty commenting on each other's postings, structuring information, performing searches, or creating summaries. If tools provided ways to organize information intelligently, and if each person could serve up his or her own data and retrieve others' data, the possibilities for collaboration would take off. Peer-to-peer technologies along with metadata could enhance almost any group of people who share an interest--technical, cultural, political, medical, you name it. This book presents the goals that drive the developers of the best-known peer-to-peer systems, the problems they've faced, and the technical solutions they've found. Learn here the essentials of peer-to-peer from leaders of the field: Nelson Minar and Marc Hedlund of target="new">Popular Power, on a history of peer-to-peer Clay Shirky of acceleratorgroup, on where peer-to-peer is likely to be headed Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly & Associates, on redefining the public's perceptions Dan Bricklin, cocreator of Visicalc, on harvesting information from end-users David Anderson of SETI@home, on how SETI@Home created the world's largest computer Jeremie Miller of Jabber, on the Internet as a collection of conversations Gene Kan of Gnutella and GoneSilent.com, on lessons from Gnutella for peer-to-peer technologies Adam Langley of Freenet, on Freenet's present and upcoming architecture Alan Brown of Red Rover, on a deliberately low-tech content distribution system Marc Waldman, Lorrie Cranor, and Avi Rubin of AT&T Labs, on the Publius project and trust in distributed systems Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, andDavid Molnar of Free Haven, on resource allocation and accountability in distributed systems Rael Dornfest of O'Reilly Network and Dan Brickley of ILRT/RDF Web, on metadata Theodore Hong of Freenet, on performance Richard Lethin of Reputation Technologies, on how reputation can be built online Jon Udell ofBYTE and Nimisha Asthagiri andWalter Tuvell of Groove Networks, on security Brandon Wiley of Freenet, on gateways between peer-to-peer systems You'll find information on the latest and greatest systems as well as upcoming efforts in this book.
 

(Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition Table of contents:

I. Context and Overview

1. A Network of Peers: Peer-to-Peer Models Through the History of the Internet

A revisionist history of peer-to-peer (1969-1995)

Usenet

DNS

The network model of the Internet explosion (1995-1999)

The switch to client/server

The breakdown of cooperation

Spam: Uncooperative people

The TCP rate equation: Cooperative protocols

Firewalls, dynamic IP, NAT: The end of the open network

Asymmetric bandwidth

Observations on the current crop of peer-to-peer applications (2000)

Authoring is not the same as publishing

Decentralization

Abusing port 80

Peer-to-peer prescriptions (2001-?)

Technical solutions: Return to the old Internet

Social solutions: Engineer polite behavior

Conclusions

2. Listening to Napster

Resource-centric addressing for unstable environments

Peer-to-peer is as peer-to-peer does

The veil is pierced

Real solutions to real problems

Who’s in and who’s out?

Peer-to-peer is a horseless carriage

Follow the users

Users reward simplicity

Listen to Napster

It’s the applications, stupid

Decentralization is a tool, not a goal

Where’s the content?

PCs are the dark matter of the Internet

Promiscuous computers

Nothing succeeds like address, or, DNS isn’t the only game in town

An explosion of protocols

An economic rather than legal challenge

All you can eat

Yesterday’s technology at tomorrow’s prices, two days late

30 million Britney fans does not a revolution make

Peer-to-peer architecture and second-class status

Users as consumers, users as providers

New winners and losers

3. Remaking the Peer-to-Peer Meme

From business models to meme maps

A success story: From free software to open source

The current peer-to-peer meme map

The new peer-to-peer meme map

File sharing: Napster and successors

Mixing centralization and decentralization: Usenet, email, and IP routing

Maximizing use of far-flung resources: Distributed computation

Immediate information sharing: The new instant messaging services

The writable Web

Web services and content syndication

Peer-to-peer and devices

Strategic positioning and core competencies

4. The Cornucopia of the Commons

Ways to fill shared databases

CDDB: A case study in how to get a manually created database

Napster: Harnessing the power of personal selfishness

The commons

II. Projects

5. SETI@home

Radio SETI

How SETI@home works

Trials and tribulations

Human factors

The world’s most powerful computer

The peer-to-peer paradigm

6. Jabber: Conversational Technologies

Conversations and peers

Evolving toward the ideal

Jabber is created

The centrality of XML

Pieces of the infrastructure

Identity

Presence

Roster

Architecture

Protocols

Browsing

Conversation management

Conclusion

7. Mixmaster Remailers

A simple example of remailers

Onion routing

How Type 2 remailers differ from Type 1 remailers

General discussion

8. Gnutella

Gnutella in a gnutshell

A brief history

Gnutella’s first breath

Open source to the rescue

What makes Gnutella different?

Gnutella works like the real world

A Gnutella cocktail party

A client/server cocktail party

Client/server means control, and control means responsibility

The client is the server is the network

Distributed intelligence

Different from Freenet

Gnutella’s communication system

Message-based, application-level routing

TCP broadcast

Message broadcasting

Dynamic routing

Lossy transmission over reliable TCP

Organizing Gnutella

Placing nodes on the network

Gnutella’s analogues

The Gnutella horizon

Cellular telephony and the Gnutella network

Ethernet

Cultivating the Gnutella network

Gnutella’s traffic problems

Host caches

Returning the network to its natural state

Private Gnutella networks

Reducing broadcasts makes a significant impact

The policy debates

Napster wars

Anonymity and peer-to-peer

Gnutella pseudoanonymity

Downloads, now in the privacy of your own direct connection

Anonymous Gnutella chat

Next-generation peer-to-peer file-sharing technologies

Gnutella’s effects

9. Freenet

Requests

Detail of requests

The data store

Keys

Key types

Content Hash Keys (CHKs)

Keyword Signed Keys (KSKs)

Signature Verification Keys (SVKs)

Keys and redirects

Conclusions

10. Red Rover

Architecture

The hub

The clients

The subscribers

Client life cycle

Putting low-tech “weaknesses” into perspective

Acknowledgments

11. Publius

Why censorship-resistant anonymous publishing?

Publius and other systems in this book

System architecture

Cryptography fundamentals

Encryption and decryption

Secret sharing

Hash functions

Publius operations

Publish operation

Retrieve operation

Update operation

Delete operation

Publius implementation

User interface

Server software

Client software

Publius MIME type

Publius in a nutshell

12. Free Haven

Privacy in data-sharing systems

Reliability with anonymity

Anonymity for anonymous storage

Partial anonymity

The design of Free Haven

Elements of the system

Storage

Publication

Retrieval

Share expiration

Document revocation

Trading

Receipts

Accountability and the buddy system

Communications channel

Reputation system

Introducers

Implementation status

Attacks on Free Haven

Attacks on documents or the servnet

Attacks on the reputation system

Attacks on anonymity

An analysis of anonymity

Future work

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

III. Technical Topics

13. Metadata

Data about data

Metadata lessons from the Web

Resource description

Searching

Resources and relationships: A historical overview

Foundations of resource description: Unique identifiers

A contrasting evolution: MP3 and the metadata marketplace

Conclusion

14. Performance

A note on terminology

Why performance matters

Bandwidth barriers

It’s a small, small world

An excursion into graph theory

The small-world model

Case study 1: Freenet

Initial experiments

Simulating growth

Simulating fault tolerance

Link distribution in Freenet

The impact of free riding

Scalability

Case study 2: Gnutella

Initial experiments

Fault tolerance and link distribution in Gnutella

The impact of free riding

Scalability

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

15. Trust

Trust in real life, and its lessons for computer networks

Trusting downloaded software

Message digest functions

Digital signatures

Digital certificates

Signature verification

Open source software

Sandboxing and wrappers

Trust in censorship-resistant publishing systems

Publius in a nutshell

Risks involved in web server logging

Anonymizing proxies

Censorship in Publius

Using the Update mechanism to censor

Publius proxy volunteers

Third-party trust issues in Publius

Other anonymity tools

SSL

Mix networks

Crowds

Denial of service attacks

Quota systems

CPU-based payment schemes

Anonymous e-cash payment schemes

Legal and physical attacks

Trust in other systems

Mojo Nation and Free Haven

The Eternity Service

Eternity Usenet

File-sharing systems

Napster

Gnutella

Freenet

Content certification

Trust and search engines

Distributed search engines

Deniability

Conclusions

16. Accountability

The difficulty of accountability

Special problems posed by peer-to-peer systems

Peer-to-peer models and their impacts on accountability

Purposes of micropayments and reputation systems

Junk mail as a resource allocation problem

Pseudonymity and its consequences

Problems with pseudospoofing and possible defenses

Reputation for sale—SOLD!

Common methods for dealing with flooding and DoS attacks

Caching and mirroring

Active caching and mirroring

Micropayment schemes

Varieties of micropayments or digital cash

Nonfungible micropayments

Extended types of nonfungible micropayments

Nonparallelizable work functions

Fungible micropayments

Freeloading

Fungible payments for accountability

Micropayment digital cash schemes

Making money off others’ work

Anonymous macropayment digital cash schemes

The use and effectiveness of micropayments in peer-to-peer systems

Identity-based payment policies

General considerations in an economic analysis of micropayment design

Moderating security levels: An accountability slider

Reputations

Early reputation systems online

Codifying reputation on a wide scale: The PGP web of trust

Who will moderate the moderators: Slashdot

Reputations worth real money: eBay

A reputation system that resists pseudospoofing: Advogato

System successes and failures

Scoring systems

Attacks and adversaries

Aspects of a scoring system

Collecting ratings

Bootstrapping

Personalizing reputation searches

Scoring algorithms

Privacy and information leaks

Decentralizing the scoring system

Multiple trusted parties

True decentralization

A case study: Accountability in Free Haven

Micropayments

The difficulty of distributed systems: How to exchange micropayments among peers

Micropayments in the Free Haven context

Reputation systems

Other considerations from the case study

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

17. Reputation

Examples of using the Reputation Server

Reputation domains, entities, and multidimensional reputations

Identity as an element of reputation

Interface to the marketplace

Scoring system

Reputation metrics

Credibility

Interdomain sharing

Bootstrapping

Long-term vision

Central Reputation Server versus distributed Reputation Servers

Summary

18. Security

Groove versus email

Why secure email is a failure

The solution: A Groove shared space

Security characteristics of a shared space

Mutually-trusting shared spaces

Anatomy of a mutually-trusting shared space

The key to mutual trust

Mutually-suspicious shared spaces

Message fanout

Fetching lost messages

Shared space formation and trusted authentication

Inviting people into shared spaces

The New-Member-Added delta message

Key versioning and key dependencies

Central control and local autonomy

Practical security for real-world collaboration

Taxonomy of Groove keys

19. Interoperability Through Gateways

Why unification?

Why not an ÜberNetwork?

Why not an ÜberClient?

Why not just use XML?

One network with a thousand faces

Well-known networks and their roles

Freenet

Gnutella

Mojo Nation

Free Haven and Publius

Problems creating gateways

Problems with inserts

Problems with requests

Freenet

Gnutella

Mojo Nation

Publius

Free Haven

Gateway implementation

Existing projects

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

20. Afterword

Precedents and parries

Who gets to innovate?

A clean sweep?

A. Directory of Peer-to-Peer Projects

B. Contributors

Index

People also search for (Ebook) Peer to Peer Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies 1st Edition:

the power and potential of peer support in workplace interventions
    
harness the power of
    
power of peer
    
peer-to-peer harnessing the power of disruptive technologies pdf
    
harness the power of data

Tags: Andy Oram, Harnessing, Power, Disruptive Technologies

*Free conversion of into popular formats such as PDF, DOCX, DOC, AZW, EPUB, and MOBI after payment.

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