(Ebook) Null Subjects in Generative Grammar A Synchronic and Diachronic Perspective 1st Edition by Federica Cognola, Jan Casalicchio ISBN 9780198815853 0198815859

(Ebook) Null Subjects in Generative Grammar A Synchronic and Diachronic Perspective 1st Edition by Federica Cognola, Jan Casalicchio ISBN 9780198815853 0198815859

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ISBN 10: 0198815859
ISBN 13: 9780198815853
Author: Federica Cognola, Jan Casalicchio

(Ebook) Null Subjects in Generative Grammar A Synchronic and Diachronic Perspective 1st Edition Table of contents:

1: On the null-subject phenomenon

1.1 The null-subject phenomenon

1.2 The null-subject parameter: original formulation and cluster properties

1.2.1 On expletives

1.2.2 On the identification of null subjects

1.2.3 What is the null

1.2.4 On partial null-subject languages

1.2.5 Untitled

1.3 The null-subject phenomenon: conclusions and outlook

1.4 The individual contributions

Acknowledgements

Part I: Properties of null-subject languages

2: On nó as an optional expletive in Vietnamese

2.1 Introduction: optional expletives in pro-drop languages

2.1.1 Expletives and pro-drop languages

2.1.2 IP-internal expletives

2.1.3 Expletives in the left periphery

2.1.4 Overview

2.2 An optional expletive in Vietnamese

2.2.1 Referential and expletive nó

2.2.2 On the position of nó

2.2.3 On the interpretation of nó

2.3 Nó and specificity in thetic structures

2.3.1 Thetic structures

2.3.2 Existential sentences

2.3.3 Optionality

2.3.4 Incompatibility with preverbal subjects

2.3.5 The syntax of nó

2.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

3: Developing pro-drop: The case of Cimbrian

3.1 Methodological premises

3.2 Setting the Cimbrian scenario

3.2.1 The basics of pro-drop in Cimbrian

3.2.1.1 Lexical expletives

3.2.1.2 Free subject inversion

3.2.1.3 ‘That-trace’ effect

3.2.2 Three types of lexical expletives ( ’z / -z / -da)

3.2.3 Provisional conclusion

3.3 Revisiting free subject inversion

3.3.1 Free subject inversion in Cimbrian

3.3.2 Developing pro-drop: Two potential developmental paths for Cimbrian

3.4 Conclusion: The relevance of Cimbrian for the theory of parameter-resetting

Acknowledgements

4: Null subjects, expletives, and the status of Medieval French

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Overt referential subject pronouns in Medieval French

4.3 Overt TP subject expletives in Medieval French

4.4 Medieval French as a partial null-subject language?

4.5 Medieval French as a non-null-subject language

4.6 Contexts allowing null subjects in Medieval French

4.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

5: Pro-drop and emergent parameter hierarchies

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Parameters in the twenty-first century?

5.3 Emergent parameters: harnessing Chomsky’s Three Factors

5.3.1 Introducing the Three Factors Model of Biberauer (2011)

5.3.2 Universal Grammar (UG)

5.3.3 The Primary Linguistic Data (PLD)

5.3.4 The Third Factor: Maximise Minimal Means (MMM)

5.4 A case study: word order

5.5 Parameterizing pro-drop

5.5.1 Key aspects of what we have learned so far

5.5.1.1 Phi-features and the specification of licensor and licensee

5.5.1.2 The significance of the left periphery and lexicalization

5.5.2 Pro-drop: the view from emergent parametric hierarchies

5.5.2.1 Phi-regulated pro-drop from an emergentist perspective

5.5.2.2 Different routes to pro-drop: against a single, unidirectional pro-drop hierarchy

5.5.2.3 A neo-emergentist approach to the typology of pro-drop

5.6 Conclusions and future directions

Acknowledgements

Part II: Types of null subjectsand identification

Part IIa: Null subjects and control theory

6: On the difference between exhaustive and partial control

6.1 Introduction: pro or PRO?

6.2 OC in Russian

6.3 Untitled

6.4 OC in European Portuguese

6.4.1 Inflected infinitives and control

6.4.2 Fake partial control

6.5 A unified account?

6.5.1 Caseless control (control as movement)

6.5.2 Cased control (pro-control)

6.5.3 The advantages of this analysis

6.5.4 The nullness of pro

6.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

7: Diachronic change and the nature of pronominal null subjects: The case of Russian

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Conditions licensing null subjects in Present-Day Russian and Old Russian

7.2.1 Null subjects in Present-Day Russian

7.2.2 Null subjects in Old Russian

7.2.3 Interim summary: null subjects in Old Russian and Present-Day Russian

7.3 The development of null subjects in Russian

7.3.1 Change of the pro-drop character of Russian in root or non-embedded contexts

7.3.2 The development of null subjects in embedded structures

7.3.3 Interim summary: the development of null subjects in Russian

7.4 The historical change and its implications for pro

7.5 Concluding remarks

Acknowledgements

8: On the interpretation of gerundival null subjects and the theory of control

8.1 Introduction: Clausal Control

8.2 Hypothesis A: pro

8.3 Hypothesis B: the reduced relative

8.4 The analysis of Clausal Control

8.5 Summary

Acknowledgements

Part IIb: Null subjects between discourse and agreement

9: The interpretation of pro in consistent and partial null-subject languages: A comparative interfa

9.1 The interpretation of pro: an introductory survey

9.2 Different types of topics, conversational dynamics, and A-Topic chains

9.2.1 The A-Topic

9.2.2 The G-Topic

9.2.3 A-Topics, G-Topics, and conversational dynamics

9.3 Formation and properties of A-Topic chains

9.3.1 The interpretation of null first and second person arguments

9.3.2 Topic chains headed by a silent A-Topic

9.4 Partial NS languages: major properties

9.5 Comparing consistent and partial NS languages: the data

9.5.1 NS embedded under a bridge verb

9.5.2 Null subjects embedded under a factive verb

9.5.3 Null subjects in adverbial clauses

9.5.4 Interpreting NSs without either control or locality: some considerations

9.5.5 An insight on PF visibility: silent A-Topics as chain heads

9.6 The interpretation of pro in consistent and partial NS languages: a novel parametric approach

Acknowledgements

10: Syntactic representation of null arguments: [NP e] as [nP n] (minimally)

10.1 Modelling [NP e] in the grammar of natural language

10.2 [NP e] as [nP n]

10.2.1 A null n and argument drop in English

10.2.2 An overt n and argument drop in Polish and Kashubian

10.3 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

11: Referential null subjects in German: Dialects and diachronic continuity

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Null subject in Present Day German

11.3 Null subjects in older stages of German

11.4 Symmetric versus asymmetric pro-drop

11.5 Pro in non-root clauses

11.6 Pro-drop in MHG and ENHG

11.6.1 Person restrictions in the distribution of null subjects

11.6.2 Clause type restrictions in the distribution of null subjects

11.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

12: Null subjects and Distinct Agreement in Modern Germanic

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Null subjects in modern Germanic—the basic facts

12.3 Null 1sg subjects in Swabian and Zürich German

12.3.1 Null 1sg subjects in Swabian

12.3.2 Null 1sg subjects in Zürich German

12.4 Null thematic subjects in embedded clauses

12.4.1 Introduction

12.4.2 Null subjects in verb-final clauses

12.4.3 Agreeing complementizers

12.5 Identification of null subjects via Distinct Agreement

12.5.1 Two types of identification

12.5.2 Identification via Distinct Agreement

12.6 Null subjects in modern Germanic—some conclusions

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Tags: Federica Cognola, Jan Casalicchio, Null Subjects, Generative Grammar