Neurobiology of resilience to early life stress by Angélica Torres-Berrío & Alessandro Bortolami & Catherine J. Peña & Eric J. Nestler instant download

Neurobiology of resilience to early life stress by Angélica Torres-Berrío & Alessandro Bortolami & Catherine J. Peña & Eric J. Nestler instant download

The early years of life are a critical period for brain development, encompassing high sensitivity to adverse experiences. Early lifestress (ELS) is known to “scar” the brain and shape mental health trajectories later in life. Still, a great percentage of children facedwith ELS develop adaptive competencies that maintain normal physiological and behavioral function across the lifespan, a processreferred to as resilience. Work in humans and rodent models has demonstrated that resilience is an active process mediated largelyby the induction of unique molecular, cellular, and circuit adaptations. In this review, we highlight evidence from rodent studiesexploring the behavioral, circuit, cellular, and molecular effects of ELS and discuss resilient phenotypes that emerge from specificELS paradigms. To this end, we focus on models comprising ELS exposure within pre-weening and adolescence. We next addresscritical factors that influence the effects of ELS, such as behavioral readouts, environmental conditions, or sex differences, and wecompare these findings in light of human studies. Finally, we advocate for the use of novel and more sophisticated behavioral tasksfor rodents that capture, at least in part, resilient phenotypes observed in humans and that can be directly linked to specific brain1234567890();,:circuits.Neuropsychopharmacology;