(Ebook) Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks Algorithms Protocols and Experiments 1st Edition by Fei Hu, Sunil Kumar 1482214873 9780429162954

(Ebook) Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks Algorithms Protocols and Experiments 1st Edition by Fei Hu, Sunil Kumar 1482214873 9780429162954

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ISBN 10: 1482214873 
ISBN 13: 9780429162954
Author: Fei Hu, Sunil Kumar

Multimedia over Cognitive Radio Networks Algorithms Protocols and Experiments 1st Table of contents:

I Network Architecture To Support Multimedia Over Crn
1 A Management Architecture for Multimedia Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Related Work
1.3 Network Model
1.4 Basic Scenario
1.5 Communication Architecture
1.5.1 Middleware
1.5.2 Software-Defined Radio
1.5.3 Support Node
1.5.4 Cognitive Radio Device
1.6 Common Control Channel
1.6.1 CCC Model
1.6.2 Implementation Details
1.7 System Performance
1.7.2 Performance Metrics for SUs
1.7.3 Performance Evaluation
1.7.3.1 Parameter Settings
1.7.3.2 Given Identical Selection Probability
1.7.3.3 Given Identical Arrival Rates
1.7.3.4 Performance Optimization
1.8 Conclusions
References
2 Paving a Wider Way for Multimedia over Cognitive Radios: An Overview of Wideband Spectrum Sensing Algorithms
2.1 An Introduction to Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio
2.1.1 Conventional Narrowband Techniques
2.1.2 Cooperative Sensing
2.1.3 Wideband Spectrum Sensing and Nyquist Sampling
2.1.4 Sensing Performance and Trade-Offs
2.1.4.1 Probabilities of Detection and False Alarm
2.1.4.2 Opportunistic Throughput and Sensing Time
2.2 Nyquist Multiband Spectrum Sensing
2.2.1 Sequential MSS Using Narrowband Techniques
2.2.2 Parallel Multiband Detection at Nyquist Rates
2.2.2.1 Multiband Energy Detector
2.2.2.2 Multitaper Spectrum Estimation
2.2.2.3 Wavelet-Based Sensing
2.2.3 Comparison of Various Nyquist Multiband Detection Methods
2.3 Compressive Sub-Nyquist Wideband Sensing
2.3.1 Multicoset Sampling and Blind Spectrum Sensing
2.3.2 Modulated Wideband Converter
2.3.3 Multirate Asynchronous Sub-Nyquist Sampler
2.3.4 Remarks on CS Detectors and Other Techniques
2.4 Alias-Free Sampling for Sub-Nyquist Wideband Sensing
2.4.1 Alias-Free Sampling Notion
2.4.2 Randomized Sampling Schemes
2.4.3 Reliable Alias-Free Sampling-Based MSS
2.4.4 Remarks on NUS-Based Spectrum Sensing
2.5 Comparison of Sub-Nyquist Spectrum Sensing Algorithms
2.5.1 Compressed versus Alias-Free Sampling for Multiband Detection
2.5.1.1 Performance Guarantees and Minimum Average Sampling Rates
2.5.1.2 Computational Complexity
2.5.1.3 Postprocessing and Related CR Functionalities
2.5.1.4 Implementation Complexity
2.5.2 Numerical Examples
2.6 Conclusions and Open Research Challenges
Glossary
List of Abbreviations
Special Notations, Operators, and Functions
Operators
Special Functions
Principal Symbols
References
3 Bargaining-Based Spectrum Sharing for Broadband Multimedia Services in Cognitive Radio Network
3.1 Introduction
3.2 System Model and Methodology
3.2.1 Spectrum-Sharing Bargaining Model
3.2.2 Utility Function
3.2.3 Subgame Perfect Equilibrium
3.2.4 Bargaining Theory
3.3 Finite-Horizon Bargaining Game
3.3.1 Two-Period Bargaining Game
3.3.2 T-Period Bargaining Game
3.4 Infinite-Horizon Bargaining Game
3.4.1 One-Stage Deviation Principle
3.4.2 SPE Analysis
3.5 Bargaining Equilibrium Summary and Numerical Results
3.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
4 Physical Layer Mobility Challenges for Multimedia Streaming QoS over Cognitive Radio Networks
4.1 Introduction
4.2 CR User Mobility
4.2.1 CR Categorization
4.2.2 Hidden Markov Model
4.2.3 Dynamic Probability Mass Function
4.3 Spectrum Sensing Performance Analysis
4.4 Conclusions
References
5 Efficient Multimedia Services Provision over Cognitive Radio Networks Using a TrafficOriented Routing Scheme
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Related Work and Research Motivation
5.3 Energy-Efficient Routing Scheme for Multimedia Services Provision over CR Networks
5.3.1 Proposed Underlying Routing Mechanism
5.3.2 Traffic-Aware Scheme for Energy-Efficient Transmission
5.3.2.1 Traffic-Driven Middleware and Supported Mechanisms
5.3.2.2 Selective F-BTD Estimation for Energy Conservation for Delay-Sensitive Multimedia Transmissions
5.3.2.3 Selective F-BTD Moments and Sleep-Time Duration Estimation
5.4 Performance Evaluation Analysis, Experimental Results, and Discussion
5.5 Conclusions and Further Research
Acknowledgments
References
II Advanced Network Protocols For Multimedia Over Crn
6 Exploiting Cognitive Management for Supporting Multimedia Applications over Cognitive Radio Networks
6.1 Context/Motivation
6.2 Considered Architecture
6.3 Knowledge Management
6.3.1 Fittingness Factor Definition
6.3.2 Knowledge Database
6.3.3 Knowledge Manager
Algorithm 1, Knowledge Manager
6.3.4 Reliability Tester
Algorithm 2, The RT Procedure for Detecting Changes
6.4 Proposed Algorithmic Solution
6.4.1 Spectrum Selection
Algorithm 3, Fittingness-Factor-Based SS
6.4.2 Spectrum Mobility
Algorithm 4, Fittingness-Factor-Based SM
6.4.3 Context Awareness
Algorithm 5, Event-Triggered Acquisition Strategy
6.5 Evaluation Study
6.5.1 MM Traffic Mixture
6.5.1.1 Real-Time Applications
6.5.1.2 Best-Effort Applications
6.5.2 Simulation Model
6.5.3 Benchmarking
Algorithm 6, Upper-Bound Theoretical Reference
6.5.4 Performance Indicators
6.5.5 Performance Evaluation
6.5.6 Associated Signaling Cost at the Radio Interface
6.5.7 RT Capability to Detect Changes
6.5.8 Robustness to Changes in the Scenario
6.6 Chapter Summary
References
7 Cross-Layer MIMO Cognitive Communications for QoS-/ QoE-Demanding Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 System Model
7.3 Zero-Forcing Beamforming
7.3.1 Spatial Cognition in ZFB
7.3.2 Opportunistic Transmission in ZFB Cognitive Scenarios
7.4 QoS/QoE Performance in Spatial Cognitive Scenarios
7.4.1 QoS/QoE Related to the Maximum Tolerable Access Delay
7.4.2 QoS/QoE Related to the Minimum Guaranteed Rate
7.4.3 QoS/QoE Related to the Minimum Guaranteed Throughput
7.4.4 QoS/QoE Related to the Maximum Allowed Jitter
7.5 Simulations and Results
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8 Cross-Layer Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radio Networks: A QoS Provisioning Perspective
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Cross-Layer QoS-Related Analysis of CR Networks: An Overview
8.2.1 Concise Overview of Essential Spectrum Management Functions in CR Networks
8.2.2 Concise Overview of Existing Cross-Layer Approaches for QoS Provisioning in CR Networks
8.3 Novel Cross-Layer Approach for QoS Provisioning in CR Networks
8.3.1 Cross-Layer Analytical Model
8.3.2 Analysis of Numerical Results
8.4 Summary
References
9 Reliable Multicast Video Transmission over Cognitive Radio Networks: Equal or Unequal Loss Protection?
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cognitive Radio Meets Multimedia: Introduction
9.2.1 Cognitive Radio: Emerging Solution for Spectrum Crisis
9.2.2 CR and Multimedia Communications
9.3 Multimedia over CR-Based Networks: Challenges and Problem Statement
9.3.1 Multicasting Multimedia Content over CR Networks
9.3.2 Loss Protection Schemes for Cognitive Multimedia Transmissions
9.3.3 Prior Work on Multimedia Transmissions over CR Networks
9.4 Proposed Network Model
9.4.1 General Analysis
9.4.2 ULP Framework for CR Networks
9.4.2.1 An Analytical Expression for NPU
9.4.2.2 An Analytical Expression for Nsc
9.4.2.3 An Analytical Expression for ENSC s
9.4.3 Equal Loss Protection Scheme for Secondary Transmissions
9.5 Numerical Results and Discussions
9.5.1 General Simulations
9.5.2 Analysis and Interpretation of Results
9.6 Conclusions
References
III Artificial Intelligence For Multimedia Over Crn
10 Bayesian Learning for Cognitive Radio Networks
10.1 Bayesian Inference: Preliminaries
10.2 Graphical Models
10.2.1 Bayesian Network
10.2.2 Markov Random Field
10.3 System Model
10.4 Subcarrier Selection Strategy Profile
10.5 Multimedia Transmission Considering Quality of Service
10.6 Utility Function for Multimedia Transmission
10.6.1 M/G/1 Queue Analysis
10.6.2 Delay- and Throughput-Based Utility Function
10.7 Cognitive Cross-Layer Scheduling Scheme
References
11 Hierarchical Dirichlet Process for Cognitive Radio Networks
11.1 Dirichlet Processes
11.1.1 Formal Definition
11.1.2 The Chinese Restaurant Process
11.2 Hierarchical Dirichlet Process
11.3 Cluster-Based CRN
11.4 Multitask Bayesian CS Modeling with Hierarchical Prior: One-Cluster Case
11.5 Distributed Information Exchange and Spatiotemporal Data Mining: Multicluster Case
11.5.1 Automatically Grouping and Distributed Information Exchange
11.5.2 Hidden Markov Model
11.5.3 Identify Spectrum Decision
Appendix: The Detailed Steps for Equation 11.20
References
IV Experimental Design For Multimedia Over Crn
12 A Real-Time Video Transmission Test Bed Using GNU Radio and USRP
12.1 Introduction
12.2 GNU Radio Introduction
12.2.1 How GNU Radio Works
12.3 USRP Introduction
12.4 Real-Time Video Test Bed Architecture
12.5 GNU Radio Python Code Explanation
12.5.1 Sender-Side Python Code
12.5.2 Receiver-Side Python Code
12.6.1 Spectrum Sensing Function
12.6.2 Explanation of Code for Energy-Detection Based Spectrum Sensing
12.6.3 Spectrum Hand-Off
12.6.4 Cross-Layer Design of Test Bed
12.7 Test Bed Demo for Real-Time Video Transmission
12.7.1 Signal Sensing and Video Transmission
12.7.2 Frequency Hopping
12.7.3 Demo of Cross-Layer Design
References
13 PR Activity Model for Multimedia Communication in NS-2
13.1 Introduction
13.2 PR Activity Models
13.3 Classification of PR Activity Models
13.4 Network Simulator (ns-2) Basics
13.4.1 Simulation Process in ns-2
13.5 Support for CRN Simulation in ns-2
Steps to Create a New Protocol in ns-2:
13.6 Higher-Level Design of PR Activity Model for CRNs in ns-2
13.6.1 ON/OFF PR Activity Model
13.6.2 ns-2 Modifications
13.7 Issues and Challenges Regarding the Implementation of PR Activity Models in ns-2
13.8 Conclusion
References
V Other Important Designs
14 Multimedia Communication for Emergency Services in Cooperative Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
14.1 Introduction
14.2 VANET Applications and Data Traffic Requirements
14.2.1 Safety Applications
14.2.2 Traffic Management Applications
14.2.3 User Infotainment Applications
14.3 Current Standards for Vehicular Communications
14.3.1 Spectrum Allocation for VANETs
14.3.2 IEEE WAVE Standard
14.3.2.1 IEEE 802.11p Standard
14.3.2.2 IEEE 1609 Standard
14.3.2.3 Channel Coordination
14.3.2.4 Channel Routing
14.3.2.5 Networking Services
14.3.2.6 Security and Remote Resource Access
14.3.3 ETSI ITS Architecture
14.4 Cooperative Communication Techniques in VANETs
14.4.1 Safety Message Dissemination
14.4.1.1 Transmit Power Control
14.4.1.2 Packet Generation Rate Control
14.4.1.3 Carrier Sense Threshold Control
14.4.1.4 Data Rate Control
14.4.1.5 Medium Access Protocols
14.4.2 Emergency Message Dissemination
14.4.2.1 Distance-Based Contention Multihop
14.4.2.2 Relay Reservation-Based Multihop
14.5 A New Protocol for Emergency Multimedia Message Dissemination in VANETs
14.5.1 VANET Communication Scenario
14.5.2 Cooperative Time-Slotted Multimedia Transmission Protocol
14.5.2.1 Road Segment Division and Segment Leader Selection
14.5.2.2 Multimedia Time-Slot Reservation Mechanism
14.5.3 Performance Evaluation
14.6 Conclusions
References
15 Opportunistic Spectrum Access in Multichannel Cognitive Radio Networks
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Cognitive Radio Networks and Cooperative Communication
15.2.1 Cognitive Radio Networks
15.2.2 Cooperative Communication
15.3 Cooperation over Single Channel
15.3.1 System Model
15.3.2 Stackelberg Game between PU and SU
15.3.2.1 Primary User
15.3.2.2 Secondary User
15.3.3 Game Analysis
15.3.3.1 Best Response Function of the SU
15.3.3.2 Best Response Function of the PU
15.3.4 Numerical Results
15.4 Cooperation over Multiple Channels
15.4.1 System Model
15.4.2 CBC Scheme
Algorithm 1
15.4.3 Numerical Results
15.5 Conclusions
Appendix: NE Condition
References
16 A Policy-Based Framework for Cognitive Radio Networks*
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Architecture of Policy-Controlled CR Networks
16.2.1 Model-Based Security Toolkit (SecKit)
16.2.2 Trust Negotiation
16.3 Application of Trust Negotiation to Policy-Controlled CR Networks in the Opportunistic Spectrum Access Scenario
16.3.1 Operational Scenario Based on Opportunistic Spectrum Access
16.3.2 Proposed Trust Negotiation Framework
16.4 Conclusion and Future Developments
References
17 Context-Aware Wideband Localization Using Cooperative Relays of Cognitive Radio Network
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Cooperative Localization Procedure
17.2.1 Measurement Phase
17.2.1.2 Time Measurement
17.2.1.3 Angle Measurement
17.2.1.4 Measurement in Wideband Localization
17.2.2 Position Update Phase
17.2.2.1 Hybrid Centralized-Distributed Algorithm
17.2.2.2 Cooperative and Relative Algorithm
17.3 Cooperative Wideband TDOA Estimation
17.3.1 Why Cooperative Wideband TDOA?
17.3.2 Multipath as Major Error Source in Cooperative TDOA
17.4 Relaying Techniques in TDOA-Based Cooperative Localization
17.4.1 Conventional Relaying for Cooperative Localization
17.4.2 Trigger Relaying for Cooperative Localization
17.4.3 Cooperative Multipath Diversity of Cooperative Localization with Trigger Relay
17.5 Simulation Results
17.6 Conclusions
References
18 Throughput Improvement in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Cognitive Methods
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Parameters Affecting Throughput Performance
18.2.1 Packet Losses
18.2.2 Delay
18.2.3 Efficient Spectral Usage
18.3 Maximum Theoretical Data Rate of 802.16j Network
18.4 Packet Size and Buffer Size Adjustments
18.4.1 Real-Time Multimedia Packet Size
18.4.2 Non-Real-Time Packet Size
18.4.3 Maximum Bandwidth Usage
18.4.4 Calculation of Optimum Buffer Size
18.5 Cognitive Approaches to Improving Network Throughput
18.5.1 Cognitivity in Wireless Multihop Mobile Networks
18.5.1.1 Route Reconstruction Algorithm
18.5.1.2 Maximum Data Rate
18.5.1.3 Buffer Management (BM) by Queue Optimization
18.5.1.4 Dynamic Spectral Aids (SA) Algorithm
18.6 Performance Evaluation
18.7 Conclusion
References
19 Network Formation Games in Wireless Multihop Networks
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Basic Network Formation Game Model for Uplink Cooperative Transmission
19.3 Network Formation Game Solution
19.4 Numerical Results and Analysis
19.5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
20 Rapid Prototyping for Video Coding over Flexible Radio Links
20.1 Introduction
20.2 High-Data-Rate Flexible Multimedia Prototyping
20.2.1 System Model and Prototyping Methodology
20.2.3 Toward Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-Based Software-Defined Radio
20.3 Design Flow for Video Coding and Radio Waveform
20.3.1 From Dataflow Programming to Video Coding Implementation
20.3.1.1 Flexible Implementation of Dataflow Programs
20.3.1.2 Toward Efficient Implementations of Video Coding Applications
20.3.2 A Domain-Specific Language for FPGA-SDR
20.3.2.1 Frame-Based Waveform Description
20.3.2.2 Waveform Compiler and MRCF Controller
20.4 Experiments and Rapid Prototyping Validation
20.4.1 MPEG-4 Decoder over IEEE 802.11g System
20.4.2 Rapid Prototyping Implementation Results
20.4.2.1 MPEG-4 Decoder
20.4.2.2 IEEE 802.11g Receiver
20.5 Conclusion

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Tags: Fei Hu, Sunil Kumar, Multimedia, Radio Networks, Algorithms Protocols