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Status:
Available4.6
5 reviewsISBN 10: 1483377563
ISBN 13: 9781483377568
Author: Arthur A Berger
Media and Communication Research Methods, Fourth Edition is a concise and practical text designed to give students a step-by-step introduction to conducting media and communication research. Offering real-world insights along with the author’s signature animated style, this text makes the discussion of complex qualitative and quantitative methods easy to comprehend.
Packed with detailed examples and practical exercises, the Fourth Edition of this bestselling introductory text includes a new chapter on discourse analysis; expanded discussion of social media, expanded coverage of the research process, and more. Ideal for undergraduate and graduate students conducting research for the first time, this accessible text will help students understand, practice, and master media and communication research.
Part I: Getting Started
Chapter 1: What Is Research?
We All Do Research, All the Time
Scholarly Research Is Different From Everyday Research
Cultural Studies and Research
Nietzsche on Interpretation
Problem of Certainty
Diachronic and Synchronic Research
The Way the Human Mind Works
Overt and Covert Oppositions
Thinking, Fast and Slow
Quantity and Quality in Media Research
Media and Communication
Why a Book That Teaches Both Methodologies?
Considering Research Topics
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 2: The Research Process
Search Strategies
Sources of Information
How to Read Analytically
Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking as Defined by the National Council for Excellence in Critical Thinking, 1987
Doing a Literature Review
Primary and Secondary Research Sources
Searching on the Internet (or “Find the Info If You Can!”)
Using the Internet to Conduct Research
Analyzing Methodology in Research Articles
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Part II: Methods of Textual Analysis
Chapter 3: Semiotic Analysis
Saussure’s Division of Signs Into Signifiers and Signifieds
Semiotics of Blondeness
Semiotics and Society
Peirce’s Trichotomy: Icon, Index, and Symbol
Allied Concepts
Michel Foucault on Codes and Cultural Change
Marcel Danesi on Codes and Culture
Clotaire Rapaille on Culture Codes
Semiotics in Society: A Reprise
Syntagmatic Analysis of Texts
Paradigmatic Analysis of Texts
Applications of Semiotic Theory
Paul Ekman on Facial Expression
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 4: Rhetorical Analysis
Aristotle on Rhetoric
Rhetoric and the Mass Media
A Brief Note on the Communication Process
Certeau on Subversions by Readers and Viewers
Applied Rhetorical Analysis
A Miniglossary of Common Rhetorical Devices
Other Considerations When Making Rhetorical Analyses
A Sample Rhetorical Analysis: An Advertisement
Rhetorical Analysis of the Visual Image
Images in Narrative Texts
Gangsta Rap and American Popular Culture
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 5: Ideological Criticism
Mannheim’s Ideology and Utopia
Defining Ideology
Marxist Criticism
Roland Barthes on Mythologies
The Problem of Hegemony
The Base and the Superstructure, False Consciousness, and the “Self-Made Man and Woman”
Post-Soviet Marxist Criticism
Society of the Spectacle
Basic Ideas in Marxist Criticism
A Marxist Interpretation of an Advertisement
John Berger on Glamour
Identity Politics
Feminist Criticism of Media and Communication
The Social Conception of Knowledge
Phallocentric Theory: The Physical Basis of Male Domination
Political Cultures, the Media, and Communication
Pop Cultural and Media Preferences of the Four Political Cultures
Marxist Perspectives on Social Media
A Preview of Critical Discourse Analysis
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 6: Psychoanalytic Criticism
Freud’s Contribution
Smartphones and the Psyche: Applying the Theories of Erik Erikson
Smartphones and the Self
Neuropsychoanalysis: Freud and Neuroscience
Jungian Theory
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 7: Discourse Analysis
Defining Discourse Analysis
Teun A. van Dijk on Discourse Analysis
Spoken and Written Discourse
Styles and Written Discourse
Political Ideologies and Discourse Analysis
Critical Discourse Analysis
Advertising and Critical Discourse Analysis
Multimodal Discourse Analysis
Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis
Fashion and Discourse Analysis
A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of an Advertisement
Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Part III: Qualitative Research Methods
Chapter 8: Interviews
Four Kinds of Research Interviews
Why We Use Interviews
How to Interview People
Kinds of Questions
Questions Investigative Reporters Ask
The Structure of Conversations and Interviews
Transcribing Recorded Interviews
Making Sense of Transcribed Interviews
Coding
Problems With Interview Material
Interviews: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 9: Historical Analysis
History and the Study of Media
Sources of Historical Data
Historians and Their Biases
The Uses of Historical Research
Applying Historical Research
Historical Analysis: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 10: Ethnomethodological Research
Defining Ethnomethodology
Breaching Experiments
Media and Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodological Research: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 11: Participant Observation
Defining Participant Observation
Going “Native”
The Role of the Researcher
Conducting Participant Observation
Case Studies and Ethnography
Participant Observation: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Part IV: Quantitative Research Methods
Chapter 12: Content Analysis
Defining Content Analysis
Categories and Coding
Units of Analysis
The Sample
Reliability and Validity
Using Content Analysis
Content Analysis: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 13: Surveys
Defining Surveys
Kinds of Surveys: Descriptive and Analytic
The VALS Typology
Survey Methods of Data Collection
Advantages of Survey Research
Problems With Surveys
Surveys and Recent Presidential Elections
A Note on Media Usage Surveys: Shares and Ratings
Open-Ended Questions
Surveys: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 14: Experiments
Everyday Experimentation
Defining Experiments
The Structure of an Experiment
The Hawthorne Effect
Advantages of Experiments
Disadvantages of Experiments
The “Black Rats” Case and Experimental Fraud
A Checklist on Experimental Design
What’s an Experiment and What Isn’t?
Experiments: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 15: A Primer on Descriptive Statistics
Levels of Measurement
Descriptive Statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
The Normal or Bell-Shaped Curve
The Problem With Ratings
A Cautionary Note on Statistics
Using Statistics to Support a Claim
Statistics and Comparisons
Data on Media Use in America
A Primer on Descriptive Statistics: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Part V: Putting It All Together
Chapter 16: Nineteen Common Thinking Errors
Thinking Errors Explained
Nineteen Common Thinking Errors
Thinking Errors: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
Chapter 17: Writing Research Reports
The Elements of a Research Report
Ethical Considerations in Research
Writing Research Reports: Applications and Exercises
Conclusions
Further Reading
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Tags: Arthur A Berger, Media, Communication