Martian hydrosphere: A brief overview of water on Mars by Brahma Gopalchetty instant download

Martian hydrosphere: A brief overview of water on Mars by Brahma Gopalchetty instant download

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN), the process of creation of lightest elements in the early universe, is a highlyrobust, precise, and ultimately successful theory that forms one of the three pillars of the standard hot-Big-BangKeywords:cosmological model. Existing theoretical treatments of BBN and the associated computer codes are accurateand flexible, but are typically highly technical and opaque, and not suitable for pedagogical understandingBig bang nucleosynthesisof the BBN. Here we present BBN-simple – a from-scratch numerical calculation of the lightest elementCosmologyabundances pitched at an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. We review the physics ofthe early universe relevant for BBN, provide information about the reaction rates, and discuss computationalmathematics background that is essential in setting up a BBN calculation. We calculate the abundances of theprincipal nuclear species in a standard cosmological model, and find a reasonably good agreement with publicprecision-level BBN codes. A condensed version of this paper and associated snippets of computer code aregiven at