(Ebook) Learning from Words Testimony as a Source of Knowledge 1st edition by Jennifer Lackey 0191527424 9780191527425

(Ebook) Learning from Words Testimony as a Source of Knowledge 1st edition by Jennifer Lackey 0191527424 9780191527425

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ISBN-10 :  0191527424

ISBN-13 :  9780191527425 

Author:  Jennifer Lackey  

Testimony is an invaluable source of knowledge. We rely on the reports of those around us for everything from the ingredients in our food and medicine to the identity of our family members. Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in the epistemology of testimony. Despite the multitude of views offered, a single thesis is nearly universally accepted: testimonial knowledge is acquired through the process of transmission from speaker to hearer. In this book, Jennifer Lackey shows that this thesis is false and, hence, that the literature on testimony has been shaped at its core by a view that is fundamentally misguided. She then defends a detailed alternative to this conception of testimony: whereas the views currently dominant focus on the epistemic status of what speakers believe, Lackey advances a theory that instead centers on what speakers say. The upshot is that, strictly speaking, we do not learn from one another's beliefs - we learn from one another's words. Once this shift in focus is in place, Lackey goes on to argue that, though positive reasons are necessary for testimonial knowledge, testimony itself is an irreducible epistemic source. This leads to the development of a theory that gives proper credence to testimony's epistemologically dual nature: both the speaker and the hearer must make a positive epistemic contribution to testimonial knowledge. The resulting view not only reveals that testimony has the capacity to generate knowledge, but it also gives appropriate weight to our nature as both socially indebted and individually rational creatures. The approach found in this book will, then, represent a radical departure from the views currently dominating the epistemology of testimony, and thus is intended to reshape our understanding of the deep and ubiquitous reliance we have on the testimony of those around us.

Learning from Words: Testimony as a Source of Knowledge 1st Table of contents:

1. The Nature of Testimony
1.1 Preliminary Remarks
1.2 The Narrow View
1.3 The Broad View
1.4 The Moderate View
1.5 General Problems
1.6 The Disjunctive View
2. Rejecting Transmission
2.1 The Belief View of Testimony
2.2 The Transmission of Epistemic Properties
2.3 The Necessity Thesis
2.4 The Sufficiency Thesis
3. A Defense of Learning from Words
3.1 The Statement View of Testimony
3.2 Objection to Counterexamples
3.3 Objection to RS-N
3.4 Objection to Approach
4. Norms of Assertion and Testimonial Knowledge
4.1 The Knowledge Norm of Assertion
4.2 Two Initial Objections
4.3 Selfless Assertion
4.4 Objections and Replies
4.5 The Spuriousness of Secondary Propriety/Impropriety
4.6 The Reasonable to Believe Norm of Assertion
4.7 Counterexamples to the RTBNA
4.8 Concluding Remarks
5. A Critique of Reductionism and Non-Reductionism
5.1 Preliminary Remarks
5.2 Reductionism
5.3 Non-Reductionism
6. Dualism in the Epistemology of Testimony
6.1 Dualism
6.2 The Scarcity of Information Objection
6.3 The Circularity Objection
6.4 The Generalization Problem
6.5 Beyond Reductionism and Non-Reductionism
7. Positive Reasons, Defeaters, and the Infant/Child Objection
7.1 The Infant/Child Objection
7.2 Trivial and Substantive Satisfaction
7.3 Negative Reasons and Counterevidence
7.4 Non-Reductionism and Psychological Defeaters
7.5 A Version of the ICO for Non-Reductionism
7.6 Why the Situation is Even Worse for Non-Reductionism
7.7 Infants, Children, and Their Cognitive Environment
7.8 Why the Situation is Even Better for Reductionism and Dualism
8. Trust and Assurance: The Interpersonal View of Testimony
8.1 The IVT
8.2 The First Horn of the Dilemma
8.3 The Second Horn of the Dilemma
8.4 The Reasons Generated by Trust Argument
8.5 Concluding Remarks

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Tags: Learning, from Words, Testimony, Source, Knowledge, Jennifer Lackey