(Ebook) Language Typology and Syntactic Description Volume II Complex Constructions 1st edition by Timothy Shopen 0521581575 9780521581578

(Ebook) Language Typology and Syntactic Description Volume II Complex Constructions 1st edition by Timothy Shopen 0521581575 9780521581578

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ISBN-10 :  0521581575 

ISBN-13 :  9780521581578

Author: Timothy Shopen 

This unique three-volume 2007 survey brings together a team of leading scholars to explore the syntactic and morphological structures of the world's languages. Clearly organized and broad-ranging, it covers topics such as parts-of-speech, passives, complementation, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, inflectional morphology, tense, aspect, mood, and diexis. The contributors look at the major ways that these notions are realized, and provide informative sketches of them at work in a range of languages. Each volume is accessibly written and clearly explains each new concept introduced. Although the volumes can be read independently, together they provide an indispensable reference work for all linguists and fieldworkers interested in cross-linguistic generalizations. Most of the chapters in the second edition are substantially revised or completely new - some on topics not covered by the first edition. Volume II covers co-ordination, complementation, noun phrase structure, relative clauses, adverbial clauses, discourse structure, and sentences as combinations of clauses.

Language Typology and Syntactic Description, Volume II: Complex Constructions 1st Table of contents:

1 Coordination
0 Introduction
1 Types and positions of coordinators
1.1 Asyndetic coordination
1.2 Monosyndetic coordination
1.3 Bisyndetic coordination
1.4 Multiple coordinands
1.5 The scope of coordinators
2 Emphatic coordination
2.1 Conjunction and disjunction
2.2 Emphatic negative coordination
3 Types of coordinands
4 Semantic subtypes of coordination
4.1 Semantic subtypes of conjunction
4.2 Semantic subtypes of disjunction
4.3 Semantic subtypes of adversative coordination
5 Some special strategies of conjunction
5.1 Comitative conjunction
5.2 Inclusory conjunction
5.3 Summary conjunction
6 Ellipsis in coordination
7 Delimiting coordination
7.1 Coordination versus dependency/subordination
7.2 Degrees of grammaticalization
7.3 Is coordination universal?
8 Appendix: terminological issues
9 Suggestions for further reading
2 Complementation
0 Introduction
1 The morphology of complements
1.1 Complement types
1.2 Complementizers
1.3 The morphology of complement types
1.3.1 Sentence-like complement types
1.3.2 Indicative versus subjunctive sentence-like complements
1.3.3 Paratactic complements and verb serialization in complementation
1.3.4 Infinitive complements
1.3.5 Nominalized complements
1.3.6 Participial complements
1.3.7 Summary
2 The syntax of complementation
2.1 Equi-deletion
2.2 Raised arguments
2.3 Incorporation of reduced complements into the matrix
2.4 Parataxis and serialization
2.5 Distribution of complements within sentences
2.6 Sequence of tense / mood restrictions
2.7 Negative raising
3 The semantics of complementation
3.1 The semantics of complement types
3.1.1 Mood distinctions
3.1.2 Degree of reduction
3.1.3 Complementizers
3.1.4 Manner of syntactic relation to the matrix
3.1.5 Grammatical status of the complement predicate
3.2 The classes of complement-taking predicates
3.2.1 Utterance predicates
3.2.2 Propositional attitude predicates
3.2.3 Pretence predicates
3.2.4 Commentative predicates (factives)
3.2.5 Predicates of knowledge and acquisition of knowledge
3.2.6 Predicates of fearing
3.2.7 Desiderative predicates
3.2.8 Manipulative predicates
3.2.9 Modal predicates
3.2.10 Achievement predicates
3.2.11 Phasal predicates (aspectuals)
3.2.12 Immediate perception predicates
3.2.13 Negative predicates
3.2.14 Conjunctive predicates
4 Complement systems
5 A note on noun complementation
6 Obtaining information about complement systems
7 Suggestions for further reading
3 Noun phrase structure
0 Introduction
1 Simple noun phrases
1.1 Articles
1.2 The notion of ‘determiner’
1.3 Demonstratives
1.4 Numerals
1.5 Plural words
1.6 Adjectives
1.7 Nouns used as modifiers
1.8 Locative adverbs
1.9 Interrogative modifiers
1.10 Miscellaneous noun modifiers
2 Complex noun phrases
2.1 Genitive or possessive constructions
2.1.1 Genitive constructions with nominal possessors
2.1.2 Pronominal possessors
2.1.3 Multiple genitive constructions
2.1.4 Alienable and inalienable possession
2.1.5 Nonreferential genitives
2.2 Adpositional phrases
2.3 Relative clauses
2.4 Conjoined noun phrases
3 Noun phrases without nouns
3.1 Noun phrases with only ‘modifying’ words
3.2 Headless relative clauses
3.3 Noun clauses
4 Conclusion
Suggestions for further reading
4 Relative clauses
0 Introduction
1 Relationships between npmat and srel
1.1 Embedded rcs
1.1.1 External rcs
1.1.2 Internal rcs
1.1.3 Free rcs
1.2 Adjoined rcs
2 The treatment of nprel
2.1 Marking
2.2 Pronominalization
2.3 Movement
2.4 Omission
2.5 Other possibilities
3 Constraints on the function of nprel
3.1 Island constraints
3.2 The Accessibility Hierarchy
3.2.1 Subjects
3.2.2 Objects, indirect objects, and obliques
4 The treatment of srel
4.1 Reduction and nominalization
4.2 Marking the function of nprel
5 Suggestions for further reading
5 Adverbial clauses
PART I A TYPOLOGY OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
0 Introduction
1 Characterization of adverbial clauses
2 The types of adverbial subordinate clauses
2.1 Clauses that can be substituted by a single word
2.1.1 Time clauses
2.1.2 Locative clauses
2.1.3 Manner clauses
2.1.4 Summary
2.2 Clauses that cannot be substituted by a single word
2.2.1 Purpose and reason clauses
2.2.2 Circumstantial clauses
2.2.3 Simultaneous clauses
2.2.4 Conditional clauses
2.2.5 Concessive clauses
2.2.6 Substitutive clauses
2.2.7 Additive clauses
2.2.8 Absolutive clauses
2.3 Summary
3 ‘Speech act’ adverbial clauses
4 Borrowed subordinators
5 Summary and conclusions
PART II ADVERBIAL CLAUSES BEYOND THE SENTENCE
0 Introduction
1 Adverbial clauses and discourse movement
2 Cohesion between successive paragraphs
3 Cohesion within the paragraph
3.1 Linkage via adverbial clauses in sentence margins
3.1.1 Adverbial clauses in prior-time margins
3.1.2 Adverbial clauses in concurrent-time margins
3.1.3 Adverbial clauses in reason margins
3.1.4 Adverbial clauses in conditional margins
3.1.5 Adverbial clauses in purpose margins
3.1.6 Adverbial clauses in concessive margins
3.2 Balanced or parallel clauses in successive sentences
3.3 Adverbial clauses for local background
3.4 Lexical overlap as conjunctival element with generic verb
3.5 Lexical overlap as conjunction (particle)
3.6 Adverbial clauses as topics
4 Preposed versus postposed adverbial clauses
4.1 Functional differences between preposed and postposed adverbial clauses
4.2 Functional equivalents to postposed clauses in head-final languages
5 Conclusion
6 Suggestions for further reading
6 Discourse structure
0 Introduction
0.1 Conversation in focus
0.2 Linguistic structure emerging for and from interaction
0.3 Speech as process
1 Turn-taking and sequentiality as building blocks of the organization of interaction
1.1 Turn-taking organization
1.2 Sequence organization
1.3 Summary
2 Subjectivity and the syntax of conversation
2.1 Subjectivity in linguistics
2.2 Patterns of subjectivity in natural discourse
2.3 Widening the picture: subjectivity as arising from the interaction
2.4 Summary
3 Self-repair and syntax of conversation
3.1 Self-repair as a syntactic and interactional phenomenon
3.2 Initiation of same-turn self-repair
3.3 Morphological repair
3.4 Same-turn self-repair and the syntactic structuring of talk
3.4.1 Delaying the next noun due
3.4.2 Scope of backing up in the utterance when repairing
3.5 Summary
4 Co-constructions in a cross-linguistic perspective
4.1 What is a co-construction?
4.2 Typical conversational contexts for co-constructions
4.3 Grammatical constraints on co-constructions
4.4 Prosody of co-constructions
4.5 Summary
5 Conclusion
6 Appendix
7 Sentences as combinations of clauses
0 Introduction
1 Definitions and distinctions
1.1 Nucleus, base, and margin
1.2 Coordinate and subordinate clauses
1.3 Co-ranking and chaining structures
1.4 Methods of cohesion
2 Notions that encode within sentence structure
2.1 Conjoining
2.1.1 Coupling
2.1.2 Contrast
2.1.3 Comparison
2.2 Alternation
2.3 Temporality
2.3.1 Overlap
2.3.2 Succession
2.4 Implication
2.4.1 Conditionality
2.4.2 Causation
2.4.3 Counterfactuality
2.5 Paraphrase
2.5.1 Paraphrase without noticeable gain or loss of information
2.5.2 Paraphrase in which there is gain of information in the second base
2.5.3 Paraphrase in which there is loss of information in the second base
2.5.4 Other kinds of paraphrase
2.6 Illustration
2.6.1 Simile
2.6.2 Exemplification
2.7 Deixis
2.8 Attribution
2.9 Frustration
2.9.1 Frustration involving temporal notions
2.9.2 Frustrated implication
2.9.3 Frustrated modality
2.10 Organization of what follows
3 Co-ranking structures
3.1 English
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2 Ibaloi (Philippines)
3.3 Chicahuaxtla Trique (Mexico)
4 Medial–final chaining structures
4.1 The distinctive features of medial–final clause chaining
4.2 The germinal notions and their development (in Papua New Guinea)
4.3 Relations superimposed over chaining (Wojokeso, Papua New Guinea)
4.4 Medial–final clause chaining in South America
4.5 The problem of the ‘endless’ sentence
5 Initial–consecutive chaining structures
6 Where sentence is not a separate level
7 Conclusion

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