(Ebook) Human Biology (Zambak) by Abdurrahman ELMA, Osman ARPACI, Musa ÖZET ISBN 9789752660588, 9752660584

(Ebook) Human Biology (Zambak) by Abdurrahman ELMA, Osman ARPACI, Musa ÖZET ISBN 9789752660588, 9752660584

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of
Anatomy and Physiology
Body Organization of Organisms . . . . . . . . . . .6
1. Atoms - Molecules - Compounds . . . . .6
2. Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
3. Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
4. Organs And Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Human Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1. Body Cavities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2. Fluids Of The Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
3. Membranes of the Body . . . . . . . . . . .9
4. Homeostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Chapter 2: Nervous System
The Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
1. Organization of the Nervous System . .17
2. The Human Nervous System . . . . . . .22
Chapter 3: Senses
Sensory Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Receptors And Sensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
The Human Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
1. The structure of the eye sphere . . . . .39
2. External Structures of the Eye . . . . . .41
3. Visual Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
4. Eye Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
The Ears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
1. The Structure of the Ears . . . . . . . . . .45
2. Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Skin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
1. Epidermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
2. Dermis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
3. Accesory Structures of the Skin . . . . .54
4. Touch Receptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56
Smell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
1. Mechanism of Smelling . . . . . . . . . . .58
Taste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
1. The function of the tongue . . . . . . . .61
Chapter 4: Endocrine System
Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
1. Hormones According to
Their Chemical Structure . . . . . . . . .64
2. Target Organs of Hormones . . . . . . . .65
3. The Regulation of Hormone Secretion 66
The Human Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . .67
1. Endocrine Glands
in the Human Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Chapter 5: Locomotion Systems
Locomotion Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84
Human Skeletal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
1. Bone Formation and
Its Regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
2. Types of Bones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
3. Bone Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
4. Parts of the Human Skeleton . . . . . . .90
5. Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
1. Muscle Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99
2. The Muscular System
of Vertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Chapter 6: Circulatory System
Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
The Human Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . .112
1. Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
2. Blood Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
3. Blood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
1. Organs Of The Immune System . . . .135
2. Acquisition of Immunity . . . . . . . . . .137
3. Types of Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
4. Allergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
5. Immunologic Tolerance . . . . . . . . . .144
6. Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144
7. Serum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145
Chapter 7: Respiratory System
Respiratory Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
1. The Human Respiratory System . . . .150
Chapter 8: Digestive System
Nutrients and The Digestive System . . . . . .164
1. Digestive Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . .164
The Human Digestive System . . . . . . . . . . .166
1. Organs of the Digestive System . . . .167
2. Digestive Secretions . . . . . . . . . . . .173
3. The Digestion of Food . . . . . . . . . . .179
4. Absorption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
1. Carbohydrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186
2. Lipids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
3. Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
4. Vitamins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188
5. Minerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
6. Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189
Chapter 9: Excretory System
Excretory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
1. Excretory Substances . . . . . . . . . . .196
2. The Human Excretory System . . . . .197
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209