(Ebook) Ground Improvement Techniques by Bujang B.K. Huat, Arun Prasad, Sina Kazemian, Vivi Anggraini ISBN 9780429017964, 9780429017971, 9780429507656, 9781138541030, 0429017960, 0429017979, 0429507658, 1138541036

(Ebook) Ground Improvement Techniques by Bujang B.K. Huat, Arun Prasad, Sina Kazemian, Vivi Anggraini ISBN 9780429017964, 9780429017971, 9780429507656, 9781138541030, 0429017960, 0429017979, 0429507658, 1138541036

Different regions may have different soils with geotechnical problems altogether different from those faced in other regions. For example, in Southeast Asia, the common geotechnical problems are those associated with construction with soft clays, organic soils and peat, while in the arid region of the Middle East, problems are generally associated with the desert (dry) soils. In the United States, there are problems associated with organic soils, expansive and collapsing soils and shale. Laterite and lateritic soils are especially problematic in Mexico.
Similarly, in the European Union, geotechnical problems are associated with loess (France) and organic soil (Germany).
In Southeast Asia, central Africa, and North and South America, the major soil type is utisols. Utisols, commonly known as “red clay” soils, are soils that have formed in humid areas and are intensely weathered. In India, the major soils types are utisols and vertisols. Vertisols are soils in which there is a high content of expansive clay, known as montmorillonite, which forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Vertisols typically form from highly basic rocks,
such as basalt. In the case of the Middle East, parts of the United States and eastern Australia, the main soil type is aridisols. Aridisols (or desert soils) are formed in an arid or semi-arid climate. Aridisols dominate the deserts and xeric shrublands which occupy about one-third of the Earth’s land surface. In central Africa and the northern part of South America, oxisols are the common soil type. The main processes of soil formation of oxisols are weathering
and humification. Oxisols are always a red or yellowish color due to the high concentration of iron, aluminum oxides and hydroxides. They also contain quartz and kaolin, plus small amounts of other clay minerals and organic matter.
In central Asia, part of the United States, Argentina and Brazil, the common soil type is mollisols.
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