Functional divergence of G protein γ subunitsdrives plant vigor and improvement throughthe CPK28-PIP1;2 pathway in tomato by Xiao Liang & Anran Wang & Chenxin Yue & Shuting Ding & Shibo Zhou & Qing Yu & Xuanbo Zhang & Qian Luo & Yimei Li & Yaoyao Wu & Fangfang Li & Pingfang Li & Tongmin Zhao & Pengxiang Fan & Jie Zhou & Jingquan Yu & Christine H. Foyer & Jiao Wang & Kai Shi instant download

Functional divergence of G protein γ subunitsdrives plant vigor and improvement throughthe CPK28-PIP1;2 pathway in tomato by Xiao Liang & Anran Wang & Chenxin Yue & Shuting Ding & Shibo Zhou & Qing Yu & Xuanbo Zhang & Qian Luo & Yimei Li & Yaoyao Wu & Fangfang Li & Pingfang Li & Tongmin Zhao & Pengxiang Fan & Jie Zhou & Jingquan Yu & Christine H. Foyer & Jiao Wang & Kai Shi instant download

SUMMARYMaintaining robust plant vigor is essential for sustaining crop productivity, yet the precise roles and molecular underpinnings of G protein γ subunits in this process remain elusive. This study reveals that GGC1 is under selection during tomato domestication, and its mutants exhibit enhanced plant vigor, characterized bysuperior growth, increased yield, and improved fruit quality. In contrast, triple mutants gga1/ggb1/ggb2display severely compromised vigor resembling slgb1 mutants lacking the Gβ subunit. Protein assays revealthat GGC1 suppresses the interaction between the three Gγ subunits (GGA1, GGB1, and GGB2) and SlGB1.Further, GGC1 inhibits calcium-dependent protein kinase 28 (CPK28)-mediated phosphorylation of aquaporin plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1;2 (PIP1;2) at the T172 site. Downstream of GGC1, both CPK28and PIP1;2 positively regulate plant vigor by enhancing photosynthesis. These findings illuminate the functional divergence among G proteins in controlling crop vigor, offering potential strategies to engineer highyield germplasm with enhanced CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic efficiency.