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ISBN 10: 0819453188
ISBN 13: 9780819453181
Author: Larry C Andrews
Chapter 1: Introduction to Atmospheric Optics
* What is Atmospheric Optics?
* Importance of Atmospheric Effects
* Scope of This Field Guide
* Key Concepts (Absorption, Scattering, Turbulence, Refraction)
* Basic Properties of the Atmosphere
* Brief Overview of Light and Its Interaction with Matter
Chapter 2: Atmospheric Absorption and Scattering
* Absorption
* Molecular Absorption (Water Vapor, CO2, O2, Ozone)
* Absorption Bands and Windows
* Beer-Lambert Law (Basic Application)
* Scattering
* Rayleigh Scattering (Blue Sky, Red Sunsets)
* Mie Scattering (Clouds, Haze)
* Non-selective Scattering
* Scattering Coefficients
* Atmospheric Extinction and Transmittance
Chapter 3: Atmospheric Turbulence and Scintillation
* Introduction to Atmospheric Turbulence
* Causes of Turbulence (Temperature and Pressure Fluctuations)
* Kolmogorov Theory and the Inertial Subrange
* Structure Parameters (Cn^2)
* Effects of Turbulence on Light Propagation
* Scintillation (Twinkling Stars, Intensity Fluctuations)
* Beam Wander and Beam Spreading
* Angle-of-Arrival Fluctuations
* Image Blurring and Distortion
* Modeling Turbulence Effects (e.g., Log-Normal Distribution)
* Coherence Length and Isoplanatic Angle
Chapter 4: Refraction and Mirages
* Atmospheric Refraction
* Snell's Law in the Atmosphere
* Atmospheric Density Gradients
* Standard Atmospheric Refraction
* Mirages
* Inferior Mirages (Fata Morgana, "Water" on Roads)
* Superior Mirages (Objects appearing above their true position)
* Effects of Temperature Inversions and Gradients
* Looming, Topping, and Sinking
* Atmospheric Ducting
Chapter 5: Halos, Arcs, and Pillars
* Ice Crystal Optics
* Properties of Ice Crystals (Hexagonal Plate, Column)
* Reflection and Refraction in Ice Crystals
* Common Halo Phenomena
* 22° Halo and 46° Halo
* Sun Dogs (Parhelia)
* Circumzenithal Arc
* Parhelic Circle
* Sun Pillars and Light Pillars
* Other Rare Halo Displays
* How to Observe and Identify Halos
Chapter 6: Rainbows and Other Water Droplet Phenomena
* Rainbows
* Formation of Primary and Secondary Rainbows
* Supernumerary Bows
* Twinned Rainbows, Red Bows
* Observation Conditions (Sun Angle, Rain)
* Coronas
* Formation and Appearance
* Iridescence in Clouds
* Glories
* Formation (Backscattering)
* Appearance (Pilot's Glory, Brocken Spectre)
* Fogbows and Dewbows
Chapter 7: Polarization in the Atmosphere
* Principles of Polarization
* Scattering and Polarization of Sunlight
* Polarization Patterns in the Sky
* Effects of Haze and Clouds on Polarization
* Animal Navigation using Polarization (brief mention)
Chapter 8: Twilight Phenomena and Green Flashes
* Twilight Colors
* Crepuscular Rays
* Anti-crepuscular Rays
* The Belt of Venus (Anti-Twilight Arch)
* Green Flash
* Causes and Types (Inferior Mirage, Mock Mirage, Sub-duct)
* Conditions for Observation
* Blue Flash
Chapter 9: Artificial Light and Urban Optics
* Light Pollution and Skyglow
* Effects of Artificial Lights on Atmospheric Phenomena
* Lasers and Atmospheric Effects (Scintillation, Blooming)
Chapter 10: Observing and Photographing Atmospheric Optics
* Tips for Observation (Safety, Timing, Location)
* Essential Equipment (Cameras, Lenses, Filters)
* Techniques for Photographing Specific Phenomena
* Data Recording and Documentation
* Safety Considerations
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Tags: Larry C Andrews, Guide, Atmospheric
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