(Ebook) Ethical IT Innovation A Value Based System Design Approach 1st Edition by Sarah Spiekermann ISBN 9780429067938 0429067933

(Ebook) Ethical IT Innovation A Value Based System Design Approach 1st Edition by Sarah Spiekermann ISBN 9780429067938 0429067933

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Product details:

ISBN 10: 0429067933
ISBN 13: 9780429067938
Author: Sarah Spiekermann

(Ebook) Ethical IT Innovation A Value Based System Design Approach 1st Edition Table of contents:

1 Introduction

1.1 How This Book Frames Computer Ethics

1.2 The Ethical System Development Life Cycle (E-SDLC)

1.3 Value-Based IT Design: A Positive Message for IT Markets

1.4 Engineers, Managers, and “Ethical Machines”

References

2 IT Innovation

2.1 Human Growth and Eudemonia through IT

2.2 Human Nightmares Caused by IT and a Short Reflection on Good and Bad

2.3 End of IT Innovation Based on Functionality

2.4 Questioning “Function Hypes”

2.5 True Cost of Hype Cycles

2.6 Post Hype Cycles: Catering to Higher Human Values

2.7 Values in IT Design

2.8 Necessity for Value-Based Design

2.9 Envisioning the Value of IT Services

References

3 Future IT Environments: Five Scenarios

3.1 Personas Used in the Scenarios

3.2 Scenario 1: Future of Gaming

3.3 Scenario 2: Future of Work

3.4 Scenario 3: Future of Retail

3.5 Scenario 4: Future of University Education

3.6 Scenario 5: Future of Robotics

3.7 IT Innovation Lying Ahead

3.8 Positive Potential Outcomes of IT Innovation

3.9 Negative Potential Outcomes of IT Innovation

References

4 Value Ethics and IT

4.1 An Introduction to Values

4.2 What Is a Value?

4.3 Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Values

4.4 Intrinsic Values in Philosophy and Psychology

4.4.1 Nonmoral Values versus Moral Values

4.4.2 Values versus Virtues

4.4.3 Necessary Values for Human Growth

References

5 Ethical Knowledge for Ethical IT Innovation

5.1 What Is Knowledge?

5.2 Ethical Challenges in IT-Driven Knowledge Creation

5.3 Ethical Challenges in Data Collection

5.3.1 Informed Consent

5.3.2 User Control over Data Collection

5.4 Ethical Challenges in Information Aggregation and Knowledge Creation

5.4.1 Data Quality

5.4.2 Truth

5.4.3 Transparency

5.5 Ethical Challenges for Accessing Knowledge

5.5.1 Conditional Access to Knowledge and the Digital Divide

5.5.2 Objectivity versus Filter Bubbles

5.6 Ethical Uses of Information and Knowledge, a Privacy Issue

5.6.1 Contextual Integrity

5.6.2 Privacy Harms

5.6.3 Computer Bias and Fairness

5.7 Summing Up: Ethical Knowledge Management

References

6 Preserving Freedom in Future IT Environments

6.1 Negative Liberty and Machines

6.2 Positive Liberty and Machines

6.3 Technology Paternalism and Controllability

6.4 Autonomy vis-à-vis Machines

6.5 Attention-Sensitive Machines

6.5.1 Attention-Sensitive Interruption

6.6 Summing Up: Freedom and Liberty in Future IT Environments

References

7 Health and Strength in the Machine Age

7.1 Direct Effect of Machines on Physical Health and Strength

7.2 Long-Term Effect of Machines on Physical Health and Strength

7.3 Direct Effect of Machines on Mental Health and Strength

7.4 Indirect Effect of Machines on Mental Health

7.4.1 Mental Health Challenges in Response to Computer Use on the Job

7.5 Indirect Effect of Machines on Physical Health

References

8 Safety, Security, and Privacy in Future IT Environments

8.1 Safety versus Security

8.2 Safety, Cyberwar, and Cybercrime

8.3 Security and Privacy Principles in Machine Engineering

8.3.1 Information Security Goals

8.3.2 Auditability

8.3.2.1 Security Audits versus Privacy Efforts

8.3.2.2 Data Minimization for Security and Privacy Reasons

8.3.2.3 Audit Trails for Privacy Management

8.3.3 Accountability

8.4 Privacy and Surveillance

8.4.1 Surveillance and Dataveillance

8.4.2 Pros and Cons of Surveillance

8.4.3 Reaching Golden Means in Surveillance?

References

9 Trust in Future IT Environments

9.1 What Is Trust?

9.2 Distinguishing Trust from Confidence and Reliance

9.3 Trust Mechanisms in Machines

9.4 How Computer Scientists Understand Trust

9.5 Reputation Systems

References

10 Friendship in Future IT Environments

10.1 What Is Philia (Friendship)?

10.2 Machines as Mediators of Friendship

10.3 Shared Life and Learning in Virtual Worlds

10.4 Empathy in Virtual Worlds

10.5 Intimacy and Disinhibition in Online Environments

10.6 Intimacy with Artificial Beings

10.7 Final Thoughts on Friendship in Future IT Environments

References

11 Dignity and Respect in the Machine Age

11.1 Dignity and Respect

11.2 Respectful Machines

11.3 Polite Machines

11.4 Psychological Ownership in Future IT Environments

11.5 Self-Esteem through Open and Free Software

11.6 Influence of Patents and Copyrights on Human and Economic Growth

11.7 Outlook on Human “Doing”: Impact of Machines on Work

References

12 Privacy and a Summary of the Value Fabric

12.1 Privacy and Ethical Knowledge

12.2 Privacy and Freedom

12.3 Privacy Trade-Offs at All Levels of the Value Pyramid

12.4 Summing Up: Values in Future IT Environments

References

13 Ethical Value-Based IT System Design: An Overview

13.1 Management View of New Product Development

13.2 Engineering View of New IT Product Development

13.2.1 IT Project Identification and Selection

13.2.2 IT Project Initiation and Planning

13.2.3 System Analysis

13.2.4 System Design, Implementation, and Software Engineering

13.3 Computer Ethics and IT System Design

13.4 Value-Sensitive Design

13.4.1 Value Discovery

13.4.2 Value Conceptualization

13.4.3 Empirical Value Investigation

13.4.4 Technical Value Investigation

13.5 Stakeholder Involvement in Ethical IT System Design

13.5.1 Challenges and Rules in Stakeholder Processes

13.5.2 Choosing the Stakeholders

13.5.3 Rational Arguments and Ideal Speech Situations

References

14 Value Discovery for IT Project Selection

14.1 Envisioning with Cards

14.2 Envisioning with Scenarios

14.3 Critical Information Systems and Reflective Design

References

15 Wise Leadership in the IT Project Selection Phase

15.1 Why Should Leaders Care about the Ethical Design of IT?

15.2 Why Many Executives Still Ignore Ethics

15.3 Tough Decisions for Wise Leaders

15.3.1 What Is Philosophical Mode?

15.4 Utilitarian Reasoning

15.4.1 Act Utilitarian Reasoning

15.4.2 General Utilitarian Reasoning

15.4.3 Rule Utilitarian Reasoning

15.4.4 Problems with Utilitarian Reasoning

15.5 What Makes a Wise Leader?

15.6 Deontological Philosophical Reasoning

15.7 Rawls’s Theory of Justice and the Veil of Ignorance

15.8 Classical Virtue Ethics

15.9 Ethical Decision Making in the IT Selection Phase

15.9.1 Mapping IT Effects and Values

15.9.2 A Matrix for Ethical IT Decisions

15.10 Challenges for Leaders in the IT Selection Phase

15.10.1 Practical Challenges for Ethical Decision Making in the IT Selection Phase

15.10.1.1 Stating the Obvious: Catering IT Solutions to Mainstream Values

15.10.1.2 Functional Enthusiasm Leads to Embellishing the New IT Idea

15.10.2 Organizational Challenges for Wise Leadership

15.10.2.1 Inflated Trust in a Scientific Method for IT Investments

15.10.2.2 Leaders’ Lack of Time and Alienation from the Decision Base

15.10.2.3 The Idea That IT Is Merely a Support Function

15.10.2.4 “Being Good” Is Delegated to the Corporate Social Responsibility Department

References

16 Ethical IT Planning

16.1 Conceptual Value Analysis

16.2 Feasibility Analysis

16.2.1 Political Feasibility and Ethical Feasibility

16.2.2 Economic, Legal, and Ethical Feasibility

16.2.3 Technical and Operational Feasibility

References

17 Ethical IT System Analysis

17.1 Context Analysis

17.1.1 Physical Context Analysis

17.1.2 Technical Context Analysis

17.1.2.1 How Technical Context Influences IT Design

17.1.2.2 How IT Design Impacts the Technical Context

17.2 From Value Dams and Flows to Development Goals

17.3 Analyzing Ethical Priorities for System Design

17.3.1 Qualitative Persona Analysis

17.3.1.1 What Should a Persona Description Contain?

17.3.1.2 How Personas Can Be Used to Analyze Ethical Priorities

17.3.2 Quantitative Value Dams and Flows Analysis

17.3.3 Using Risk Analysis to Identify Ethical System Design Priorities

17.4 Operationalizing Development Goals

References

18 Ethical IT System Design

18.1 Threat and Control Analysis

18.2 Modeling and Understanding System Design Alternatives

18.3 System Implementation

References

19 Machine Ethics and Value-Based IT Design

19.1 Explicit Ethical Agents

19.2 Full Ethical Agents?

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Tags: Sarah Spiekermann, Ethical IT Innovation, Design Approach