(Ebook) Electronic Materials The Oligomer Approach 2nd edition by Ian McConachie 0521682479 9780511508028

(Ebook) Electronic Materials The Oligomer Approach 2nd edition by Ian McConachie 0521682479 9780511508028

Electronic Materials: The Oligomer Approach 2nd edition by Ian McConachie - Ebook PDF Instant Download/DeliveryISBN:  0521682479, 9780511508028  

Full download Electronic Materials: The Oligomer Approach 2nd edition after payment.

Product details:

ISBN-10 : 0521682479 

ISBN-13 : 9780511508028 

Author: Ian McConachie 

This expanded and updated 2006 edition of Handbook of ICU Therapy builds on the success of the first edition and continues to provide concise information on a broad spectrum of issues relating to care of the critically ill patient. There are also several new, topical chapters. As with the first edition, it is equally applicable to anaesthetists, intensivists, operating department practitioners and anaesthetic/theatre/recovery nurses, and the heart of the book focuses on providing practical information in a readable and easily accessible format. All of the authors are directly involved in ICU practice and/or research and are familiar with the most recent developments in this fast-moving area of medicine.

Electronic Materials: The Oligomer Approach 2nd Table of contents:

Part I Basic principles
1 Cardiac function, monitoring, oxygen transport
Stroke volume and cardiac output
HR and rhythm
Preload
Afterload
Contractility
Ventricular interdependence
Heart/lung interactions
Respiratory failure and the heart
Increased work of breathing and the heart
Shock and respiratory failure
Changes in CO and oxygenation
Monitoring
Invasive monitoring
Direct arterial BP measurement
Echocardiography
Indices of tissue perfusion and oxygenation
CVP monitoring
Limitations of CVP monitoring or why we need the Pulmonary artery catheter
Pulmonary artery flotation catheter
Pressures derived from catheter placement
Pitfalls in the PCWP
Thermodilution CO
Mathematically derived haemodynamic data
Indications for the PAFC
Complications associated with the PAFC
Hints on safe use of PAFC
Newer techniques of preload assessment
The PAFC controversy
Oxygen transport
Supply dependency
Supranormal goals
Monitoring of venous oxygenation
Mixed venous oxygen saturation: SvO2
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
2 Shock
Massive pulmonary embolism
Pathophysiology
Therapeutic approach to the shocked patient
Progressive or refractory shock
The golden hour
Anaphylactic shock
FURTHER READING
REFERENCE
3 Oxygen therapy
Delivery devices
Nasal catheters
Low-flow masks
Low-flow masks with reservoirs
High-flow masks
T-pieces
Constant positive airway pressure
Benefits of CPAP
Disadvantages of CPAP
Hypoxic drive
Oxygen toxicity
Conclusion
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
4 Central venous access
Indications
Sites used for insertion
Insertion technique: landmark or ultrasound?
Complications of CVCs
Mechanical complications
Failure of cannulation
Malposition of CVC
Thrombosis
Infective complications
Pathogenesis of CR-BSI
Prevention of CR-BSI
Management of suspected CR-BSI
Diagnosis
Treatment
Which insertion site to use?
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
5 Fluid therapy in ICU
Fluid therapy in ICU
Body fluid compartments
Crystalloids
Saline-induced metabolic acidosis and choice of crystalloid
Colloids
Starches
Gelatins
Dextrans
Small volume resuscitation
Crystalloid versus colloid debate
Fluid maintenance strategies
Volume-loading strategies
The vexed question of albumin
Problems of fluid overload
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
6 Anaemia and blood transfusion
Aetiology of anaemia on adult intensive care unit
Effects of anaemia
Role of anaemia in morbidity and mortality
Management of anaemia in the critically ill
Prevention
Transfusion in critically ill patients
Prevalence of transfusion in ICU
Effect of transfusion on oxygen transport
Harmful effects of blood transfusion
Wrong blood
Old blood
Haemolytic reactions
Transfusion related acute lung injury
Increase in cytokines?
Transmission of infection by blood transfusion
Immunosuppressive effects of blood transfusion
Postoperative infection
Cancer recurrence
Leucodepleted blood transfusion
Transfusion and outcome in ICU
Transfusion and mechanical ventilation
Reducing the need for blood transfusion
General
Blood substitutes
Practical approach
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
7 Nutrition
Nutrition
Reasons for feeding the critically ill patient
Nutritional status
Assessment of nutritional status
Timing of initiation of feeding
TPN
Enteral nutrition
Complications of enteral nutrition
Nutritional composition
Energy and protein requirements
Composition of non-protein calories
Other nutritional requirements
Hyperglycaemia
Nutrition in respiratory failure
Novel nutritional substrates
MCFA versus LCFA
Branched chain amino acids
Glutamine
Arginine
Nucleotides
Immunonutrition
Fibre
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
8 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation
Definition
History
Machines
Definitions
CPAP
Controlled mechanical ventilation
Assist/control ventilation
Assisted spontaneous breathing
Bi-level pressure support
Patient ventilator interface
Humidification
Indications
Contraindications
COPD
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Neuromuscular disorders and chest wall deformities
Haematological disorders and immunosuppression
Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
Thoracic trauma
Postoperative weaning
Diagnostic bronchoscopy
Monitoring
Weaning from NIV
NIV facilities
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
9 Principles of IPPV
Care of the ventilated patient
General issues
Specific issues
Deep vein thrombosis prevention
Pressure area care
Eye care
Daily assessment and management planning (courtesy Dr DR Kelly)
Airway management
Oral tubes
Nasal tubes
The role of chest X-rays
Principles of ventilatory support
Indications
Contraindications to IPPV
Physiological effects of IPPV
Cardiovascular effects
Respiratory effects
Other effects
Beneficial effects
Limitations of IPPV
Goals of ventilatory support
Initial ventilator settings
Complications of IPPV
VILI
IPPV and the kidney
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
10 Modes of ventilation and ventilatory strategies
Lung protective ventilator strategy
Ventilatory techniques
VCV
PEEP
Pressure control ventilation (PCV)
Inverse ratio ventilation
Independent lung ventilation
Modes of ventilation
Triggering
Volume preset modes
Controlled mandatory ventilation
Assist control
Intermittent mandatory ventilation
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
Mandatory minute volume ventilation
Pressure preset modes
PSV
PCV
Airway pressure release ventilation
Biphasic positive airway pressure
Mixed modes
Other modes
Proportional assist ventilation
High-frequency techniques
Non-invasive techniques
Mask ventilation
External negative pressure ventilation
Adjuncts
Tracheal gas insufflation
Automatic tube compensation
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
11 Weaning and tracheostomy
Prediction of successful weaning
Spontaneous breathing trials
Weaning techniques
Automatic tube compensation
Weaning protocols
Weaning difficulties
Cardiac problems during weaning
Non-invasive ventilation
Iatrogenic ventilator dependency
Failed extubation
Tracheostomy
Percutaneous tracheostomy
Timing of tracheostomy
Decannulation
Minitracheostomy
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
12 Vasoactive drugs
Inotropes and vasopressors
Receptor physiology
Dopaminergic receptors
Individual drugs
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine)
Dobutamine
Dopamine
Renal dose dopamine
Dopexamine
Enoximone
Milrinone
Phenylephrine
Vasopressin
General points for inotropes and vasopressors
Hypotensive agents
Directly acting vasodilators
Adrenergic receptor antagonists
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
13 Infection and infection control
The EPIC study
Causative organisms isolated in the EPIC study
Site of infection in EPIC study
Nosocomial respiratory infections [4, 5]
CVC infections [8, 5, 9]
Specific nosocomial organisms
MRSA [10]
Candidiasis
Clostridium difficile (Cd)
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) organisms
Control of infection [1, 17]
Prevention of spread of infection
Patient management strategies
Antibiotic management
SDD
Antibiotic guidelines
Practical points
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
14 Sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blockade
Introduction
Sleep, factual memory and amnesia
Indications for sedation
Therapeutic sedative agents
Analgesia
Therapeutic analgesic agents
Management of sedation and analgesia
Sedation scoring system
Daily interruption of sedation
Delirium in the intensive care patient
Drug dependence and withdrawal
Pharmacological muscle paralysis
Therapeutic agents
Problems with neuromuscular blockade
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
15 Continuous renal replacement therapy
RRTs
Haemofiltration (CRRT)
Haemodialysis IRT
Advantages of CRRT
Indications for starting RRT
Timing of CRRT
Efficacy of CRRT
Size of molecules cleared by CRRTs
Practicalities
Initial settings
Filters (membranes)
Replacement fluid
Buffers
Vascular access
Anticoagulation
Anticoagulant free
Continuous pre-filter unfractionated heparin infusion
Low-molecular weight heparin
Regional anticoagulation
Prostacyclin
Drug removal
The controversy – CRRT or IRT?
High-volume haemofiltration?
Fluid and electrolyte control
Septic shock, multiorgan failure, ARF and RRT
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
16 Withholding and withdrawing therapy in the ICU
EOL care in the ICU
Who makes decisions?
Which patients?
Training in EOL care and communication
Withholding and withdrawing therapy in ICU
Historical background
Definitions
Differences between killing and letting die
Reasons to withhold or withdraw therapy [5]
Factors in the decisions for withholding or withdrawing therapy
Incidence of withholding or withdrawing therapy
Futility
Outcome prediction and futility
What do ethical principles tell us about decision-making?
Disagreements with family
Withdrawal of specific therapies
Reasons why therapy may not be withdrawn
Problems with not withdrawing therapy
Optimal care of the dying patient
Patient and family experiences and wishes
Improving care of dying patients in the ICU
Sedation, analgesia and paralysis
General aspects of care of the dying patient
Thirst and hunger versus artificial feeding and hydration
Care of the relatives
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Part II Specific problems
17 The surgical patient in the ICU
Preoperative assessment
Respiratory disease
Cardiovascular disease
Prevention of myocardial ischaemia
Stress response to major surgery
The importance of adequate analgesia
Epidural anaesthesia and analgesia
The effect of epidurals on overall mortality
Problems associated with the use of epidurals [13]
Aspects of surgical nutrition
Oxygen transport in the high-risk surgical patient
Studies of high-risk surgical patients: Perioperative optimisation or
perioperative optimism?
The specific issue of dopexamine in high-risk surgical patients
GI surgery: the ultimate in high risk
Reasons for being high risk
Recovery of bowel function
Respiratory aspects of abdominal surgery
Important factors
The elderly patient
Sarcopenia and the elderly patient
Monitoring strategies in the elderly surgical patient
Postoperative hypothermia
Possum
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
18 The trauma patient
Epidemiology of trauma
RTA
Mechanism of injury in the multiple injured patient
Penetration injury
Blunt injuries
Blast injuries
Pathophysiology of trauma
Neuroendocrine response
Respiratory response
Renal response
Immunomodulation
Severity of illness trauma “scoring systems”
Trauma scoring systems (see further reading for references)
The concept of traumatic shock
Heart rate
BP
Assessment of the trauma patient
Immediate priority
Airway (and C-Spine)
Breathing (and ventilation)
Circulation (and haemorrhage control)
Permissive hypovolemia/hypotension
Resuscitation indices
Non-invasive
Invasive
Adequacy of resuscitation
Non-invasive goals
Invasive goals
Thoracic trauma
Thoracic trauma profile
Immediate management
Indications for emergency thoracotomy
Cardiac arrest
Massive haemothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Contusional injuries
Blunt myocardial injury
Pulmonary contusion
The role of ventilatory support
Chest wall injuries
Rib injuries
Flail chest
Indications for early ventilation in fail chest
Operative intervention
Injury associated organ failures and outcome
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
19 Acute coronary syndromes
Criteria for acute, evolving or recent MI
Criteria for established MI
Acute STEMI
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Clinical management
Antiplatelet therapy
Aspirin
Other antiplatelet agents: clopidogrel
Thrombolysis
ECG changes
Age
Which thrombolytic agent?
Complications
Contraindications
Mechanical reperfusion/PCI
Failed thrombolysis/reinfarction
Adjunctive medical therapy
Beta blockade
Intensive insulin therapy
Secondary prevention
Statins
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Free fatty acids
Symptomatic treatment
Complications
Right ventricular infarction
Heart failure
Cardiogenic shock
Free wall rupture
Ventricular septal rupture
Mitral regurgitation
Aneurysm/pseudoaneurysm
Pericarditis
Heart block
Temporary pacing
Dysrhythmias
ACS without ST elevation
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis and investigations
Clinical management
Antiplatelet therapy
Aspirin
Clopidogrel
GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors
Anticoagulation
Symptomatic management
Insulin treatment
Invasive versus conservative management
Secondary prevention
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
20 Heart failure
Acute versus chronic
Systolic versus diastolic
Aetiology
Cardiac
Non-cardiac
Acute heart failure
Signs and symptoms
Investigations
Clinical management
Surgical treatment
Chronic heart failure
Signs and symptoms
Investigations
Clinical management
Non-pharmacological management
Pharmacology
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
Angiotensin 2 blockers
Diuretics
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists
Digoxin
Anticoagulation
Devices and surgery
Revascularization
Resynchronization therapy
Heart transplantation
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES
21 Arrhythmias
Prevalence of arrhythmias in ICU
Aetiology [5, 6]
Congenital (prolonged Q–T interval)
Myocardial ischaemia
Electrolyte imbalance
Hypoxia and hypercarbia
Drugs
ICU specific conditions
The electrophysiological aetiology of arrhythmias
Treatment of arrhythmias [9, 14, 15]
Amiodarone [17]
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Drug interactions
Side effects
Impact of arrhythmias in ICU
Summary
FURTHER READING
REFERENCES

People also search for Electronic Materials: The Oligomer Approach 2nd:

electronic materials the oligomer approach
    
types of electronic materials
    
principles of electronic materials and devices
    
electronic materials and applications
    
electronic processes in organic materials grc

Tags: Electronic Materials, The Oligomer, Approach, Ian McConachie