(Ebook) Dielectrics in electric fields 2nd Edition by Gorur Govinda Raju ISBN 1498765211 9781498765213

(Ebook) Dielectrics in electric fields 2nd Edition by Gorur Govinda Raju ISBN 1498765211 9781498765213

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ISBN 10: 1498765211 

ISBN 13: 9781498765213

Author: Gorur Govinda Raju

Dielectrics in Electric Fields explores the influence of electric fields on dielectric—i.e., non-conducting or insulating—materials, examining the distinctive behaviors of these materials through well-established principles of physics and engineering.

Featuring five new chapters, nearly 200 new figures, and more than 800 new citations, this fully updated and significantly expanded Second Edition:

• Analyzes inorganic substances with real-life applications in harsh working conditions such as outdoor, nuclear, and space environments
• Introduces methods for measuring dielectric properties at microwave frequencies, presenting results obtained for specific materials
• Discusses the application of dielectric theory in allied fields such as corrosion studies, civil engineering, and health sciences
• Combines in one chapter coverage of electrical breakdown in gases with breakdown in micrometric gaps
• Offers extensive coverage of electron energy distribution—essential knowledge required for the application of plasma sciences in medical science
• Delivers a detailed review of breakdown in liquids, along with an overview of electron mobility, providing a clear understanding of breakdown phenomena
• Explains breakdown in solid dielectrics such as single crystals, polycrystalline and amorphous states, thin films, and powders compressed to form pellets
• Addresses the latest advances in dielectric theory and research, including cutting-edge nanodielectric materials and their practical applications
• Blends early classical papers that laid the foundation for much of the dielectric theory with more recent work

The author has drawn from more than 55 years of research studies and experience in the areas of high-voltage engineering, power systems, and dielectric materials and systems to supply both aspiring and practicing engineers with a comprehensive, authoritative source for up-to-date information on dielectrics in electric fields.

Table of contents:

Introductory Concepts
A Dipole
The Potential Due to a Dipole
Dipole Moment of a Spherical Charge
The Laplace Equation
The Tunneling Phenomenon
Band Theory of Solids
Energy Distribution Function
The Boltzmann Factor
A Comparison of Distribution Functions
Concluding Remarks
References

Polarization and Static Dielectric Constant
Polarization and Dielectric Constant
Electronic Polarization
The Internal Field
Orientational Polarization
Debye Equations
Experimental Verification of Debye Equation
Spontaneous Polarization
Onsager Theory
Theory of Kirkwood
Dielectric Constant of Two Media
The Dissipation Factor
Dielectric Constant of Liquid Mixtures
Effect of High Electric Fields
Atomic Polarizability
Additional Comments on Static Dielectric Constant
Concluding Remarks
References

Dielectric Loss and Relaxation—I
Complex Permittivity
Polarization Buildup
Debye Equations
Bistable Model of a Dipole
Complex Plane Diagram
Cole–Cole Relaxation
Dielectric Properties of Water
Davidson–Cole Equation
Macroscopic Relaxation Time
Molecular Relaxation Time
Straight-Line Relationships
Fröhlich’s Analysis
Fuoss–Kirkwood Equation
Havriliak and Negami Dispersion
Dielectric Susceptibility
Distribution of Relaxation Times
Kramers–Kronig Relations
Loss Index and Conductivity
Additional Comments
Concluding Remarks
References

Dielectric Loss and Relaxation—II
Jonscher’s Universal Law
Cluster Approach of Dissado and Hill
Equivalent Circuits
Interfacial Polarization
The Absorption Phenomenon
Frequency Dependence of ε*
Dielectric Spectra of Engineering Importance
Concluding Remarks
References

Experimental Data (Frequency Domain)
Introduction to Polymer Science
Nomenclature of Relaxation Processes
Nonpolar Polymers
Polar Polymers
Scaling Methods
Concluding Remarks
References

Absorption and Desorption Currents
Absorption Current in a Dielectric
Hamon’s Approximation
Distribution of Relaxation Time and Dielectric Function
The Williams–Watts Function
The G (τ) Function for Williams–Watts Current Decay
Experimental Measurements
Commercial Dielectrics
Miscellaneous Polymers
Concluding Remarks
References

Inorganic Dielectrics
Alumina (Al₂O₃)
Barium Titanate (BaTiO₃)
Barium–Strontium–Titanate (BST)
Carborundum (SiC)
Microwave Ceramics
Glass
Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)
High-ε and Low-ε Materials
Concluding Remarks
References

Microwave Measurement Methods
Microwave Measurements
Resonance and Standing Wave Techniques
Transmission/Reflection Techniques
Broadband Measurements
Concluding Remarks
References

Dielectrics in Allied Disciplines
Alternative Representation of Dielectric Parameters
Impedance Spectroscopy of Fuel Cells
Impedance Spectra in Medical Science
Impedance Spectroscopy for Corrosion Studies
Dielectric Measurements in Agricultural Sciences
Applications in Electrorheology
Applications in Civil Engineering
Concluding Remarks
References

Field-Enhanced Conduction
Some General Comments
Motion of Charge Carriers in Dielectrics
Ionic Conduction
Charge Injection into Dielectrics
Space Charge Phenomenon in Nonuniform Fields
Conduction in Selected Polymers
Numerical Computation
More Recent Publications
Closing Remarks
References

Selected Aspects of Gaseous Breakdown
Collision Phenomena
Electron Growth in an Avalanche
Criteria for Breakdown
Paschen’s Law
Breakdown Time Lags
The Streamer Mechanism
Field Distortion Due to Space Charge
Sparkover Characteristics of Uniform Field Gaps in SF₆
Sparkover Characteristics of Long Gaps
Breakdown Voltages in Air with Alternating Voltages
Modeling of Discharge Phenomena
Streamer Formation in Uniform Fields
The Corona Discharge
Basic Mechanisms: Negative Corona
Basic Mechanisms: Positive Corona
Modeling of Corona Discharge: Continuity Equations
Nonequilibrium Considerations
Monte Carlo Simulation: Negative Corona in SF₆
Monte Carlo Simulation: Positive Corona in SF₆
Breakdown in Microscale Gaps
Concluding Remarks
References

High-Field Conduction and Breakdown in Liquids
High-Field Conduction
Breakdown Mechanisms
Partial Discharges
Crossed Magnetic Field Effects
Concluding Remarks
References

Breakdown in Solid Dielectrics
Electrons in Solids
Electronic Theory of Breakdown
Theory of Von Hippel
Boggs’ Computations
Thermal Breakdown
Water Treeing
Breakdown in Commercial Polymers
The Weibull Distribution
Area Effects in High-Temperature Polymers
Breakdown Studies in Selected Materials
Miscellaneous Materials
Electroluminescence
References

Thermally Stimulated Processes
Traps in Insulators
Current Due to Thermally Stimulated Depolarization (TSD)
TSDC for Distribution of Activation Energy
TSDCs for Universal Relaxation Mechanism
TSDCs with Ionic Space Charge
TSDCs with Electronic Conduction
TSDCs with Corona Charging
Compensation Temperature
Methods and Analyses
TSD and Alternating Current Dielectric Properties
Concluding Remarks
References

Space Charge in Solid Dielectrics
The Meaning of Space Charge
Polarons and Traps
A Conceptual Approach
The Thermal Pulse Method of Collins
DeReggi’s Analysis
Laser Intensity Modulation Method (LIMM)
Pressure Pulse Method
Experimental Results
More Recent Literature
Closing Remarks
References

Nanodielectrics
Materials: General Comments
Polythene and Selected Nanomaterials
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanocomposites
Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Nanocomposites
Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites
Polyamide and Polyimide Nanocomposites
Selected Polymer Nanocomposites
Nanodielectrics in the Power Industry
Space Charge Phenomena in Nanocomposites
Breakdown in Nanodielectrics
Concluding Remarks
References

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