Deciphering new insights into copy number variations as drivers of genomic diversity and adaptation in farm animal species by C.S. Celus instant download

Deciphering new insights into copy number variations as drivers of genomic diversity and adaptation in farm animal species by C.S. Celus instant download

The basis of all improvement in (re)production performance of animals and plants lies in the genetic variation. The underlying genetic variation can be further explored through investigations using molecular markers Keywords:including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and microsatellite, and more recently structural variants like copy number variations (CNVs). Unlike SNPs, CNVs affect a larger proportion of the genome, making them more CNVRimpactful vis-` a-vis variation at the phenotype level. They significantly contribute to genetic variation and provide GC contentraw material for natural and artificial selection for improved performance. CNVs are characterized as unbalanced InDelstructural variations that arise from four major mechanisms viz., non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), non-allelic High-throughput sequencinghomologous recombination (NAHR), fork stalling and template switching (FoSTeS), and retrotransposition. ReadSNPVarious detection methods have been developed to identify CNVs, including molecular techniques and massively Variationparallel sequencing. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)/high-throughput sequencing offers higher resolution and sensitivity, but challenges remain in delineating CNVs in regions with repetitive sequences or high GC content. High-throughput sequencing technologies utilize different methods based on read-pair, split-read, read depth, and assembly approaches (or their combination) to detect CNVs. Read-pair based methods work by mapping discordant reads, while the read-depth approach works on detecting the correlation between read depth and copy number of genetic segments or a gene. Split-read methods involve mapping segments of reads to different locations on the genome, while assembly methods involve comparing contigs to a reference or de novo sequencing. Similar to other marker-trait association studies, CNV-association studies are not uncommon in humans and farm