(Ebook) Customizing Chef getting the most out of your infrastructure automation 1st Edition by Jon Cowie ISBN 149194935X 9781491949351

(Ebook) Customizing Chef getting the most out of your infrastructure automation 1st Edition by Jon Cowie ISBN 149194935X 9781491949351

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ISBN 10: 149194935X 
ISBN 13: 9781491949351
Author: Jon Cowie

Take advantage of Chef’s highly customizable design to tackle specific automation issues that you can’t solve by simply using Chef’s tools, resources, and services out of the box. With this practical guide, you’ll examine the internal structure of this configuration management technology and learn where, how, and why to add custom code. Author Jon Cowie not only provides code snippets and practical advice for customizing Chef, but also helps you determine case by case whether it’s in your best interests to customize at all. If you have intermediate-to-advanced Chef experience, this book is indispensable. Explore Chef’s typical setups and why you’d want to customize them Learn the Ruby concepts needed to write customizations Customize the Chef run process and explore Chef’s internal classes Gain more insight into your Chef runs through handlers and Chef’s event stream Level up your Chef recipes by writing your own resources and providers Create and extend plugins for Knife—Chef’s command-line tool Interact with the Chef API to write scripts and reports Learn how to contribute customizations to the Chef community

(Ebook) Customizing Chef getting the most out of your infrastructure automation 1st Table of contents:

I. Chef and Ruby 101
1. Introduction
What Is Configuration Management?
So Why Chef?
Think Critically
Meet AwesomeInc
Criteria for Customization
How Do We Find Out When Our Chef Runs Are Failing, and Why?
How Do We Simplify Our Recipes to Reduce the Amount of Replicated Code?
How Do We Stop Our Developers and Ops Staff from Treading All over Each Other’s Changes?
State of the Customization Nation
Chef Supermarket
Development Tooling
Workflow Tooling
Knife Plugins
Handlers
Recipes and Resources
Chef Installation Types and Limitations
chef-solo
Open Source Chef
Local Mode
Private Enterprise Chef
Hosted Enterprise Chef
Prerequisites
Knife
Nodes and Clients
Cookbooks, Attributes, Roles, Environments, and Data Bags
Chef Search
Ruby
Assumptions
2. Just Enough Ruby to Customize Chef
Ruby Is Object-Oriented
Ruby Is Dynamically Typed
Classes
Getter and Setter Methods
Variable Scoping
Local Variables
Class Instance Variables
Inheritance
Modules
Modules as Namespaces
Modules as Mixins
Using Other Classes and Modules
Local Classes
RubyGems
Built-in Classes
When Things Go Wrong
Exceptions
Handling Exceptions
Defining Custom Exception Types
Tying It All Together
File Operations
HTTP Requests
Summary
3. Chef Internals
Chef Architecture
Chef Client Tools
Chef Server
Anatomy of a Chef Run
Get Configuration Data
Ohai
Authenticate/Register
Load and Build Node Object
Synchronize Cookbooks
SetUp RunContext
Load Cookbook Data
Converge Node
Finalize
Dry-Run and Why-Run
The Problem with Dry-Run
Why-Run Mode
Usefulness of Why-Run
Using the Source
Getting the Chef Source Code
Chef Source Structure
Tracing a chef-client Run
Execute the chef-client Command
Run the Real chef-client Script
The Chef::Application::Client Class
The Chef::Application::Client run_chef_client Method
The Chef::Client Class
The Chef::Client Class do_run Method
Summary
II. Customizing Chef Runs
4. Extending Ohai
Introduction
Ohai Attribute Collection
The Ohai Source Code
Ohai Example 1: Plugin Skeleton
Testing and Running Ohai Plugins
Testing Using irb
Running Using Chef
Ohai Example 2: Adding More to the Plugin
The Mash Object
Multiple collect_data Methods
Running example2.rb
Ohai Example 3: Multilevel Plugins
Summary
5. Creating Handlers
Preparing a Test Environment
Create the Test chef-client Configuration
Create a Test Cookbook
Verify That the Test Environment Works Correctly
Introduction to Handlers
The Run Status Object
Run Status Methods
Run Information Methods
Run Object Methods
Handler Example 1: Start Handler
Handler Example 2: Report Handler
Handler Example 3: Exception Handler
Handlers: Summary and Further Reading
6. Extending Chef Run Events
Introduction to the Event Dispatcher
Event Dispatcher Initialization
Publish Overview
Subscribe Overview
Creating Formatters
Formatter Example 1: Skeleton Formatter
Formatter Example 2: Slightly Less Skeletal
Formatter Example 3: Custom Event Methods
Setting the Default Formatter
Formatters: Summary and Further Reading
Creating Custom Subscribers
Subscriber Example 1: Skeleton Subscriber
Subscriber Example 2: Registration with Start Handlers
Subscriber Example 3: Custom Event Methods
Custom Subscribers: Summary
Revisiting AwesomeInc—Which Customization?
Summary
III. Customizing Recipes
7. Definitions and Libraries
Cookbook Structure Revisited
Creating a Test Environment
Definitions
What Is a Definition?
Definition Example 1: Skeleton
Adding Parameters
Definition Example 2: Using Parameters
Adding Resources
Definition Example 3: Using Resources
Libraries
What Is a Library?
Library Example 1: Modules and Mixins
Library Example 2: Methods in a Custom Namespace
Library Example 3: Extending Core Chef Classes
Summary and Further Reading
8. Lightweight Resources and Providers
Introduction to Resources and Providers
Automatically Choosing Providers
Resources and Providers—Lightweight Versus Heavyweight
Introduction to LWRPs
LWRP Example 1: Getting Started with LWRPs
Example 1: Creating a Resource
Example 1: Creating a Provider
Example 1: Using Our LWRP in a Recipe
The LWRP Domain-Specific Language
Resource DSL
Provider DSL
LWRP Example 2: Extending the Provider
Provider Internals
Desired Resource State
Current Resource State
Identifying and Executing Changes
Keep it simple, keep it relevant
Pick your state object sensibly
Remember the criteria
Informing Chef About Updates
LWRP Example 3: Native Provider
Example 3: Preparing the Resource and Provider
Example 3: The load_current_resource Method
Example 3: Coding the Actions
Summary and Further Reading
9. Heavyweight Resources and Providers
Introduction to HWRPs
Why Write HWRPs?
HWRPs in Cookbooks
HWRP Example 1: Getting Started with HWRPs
Example 1: Creating a Resource
Example 1: Creating a Provider
Example 1: Using Our HWRP in a Recipe
Example 1: Extending the Provider
Advanced HWRP Tricks
Mixing HWRPs and LWRPs
Overriding Automatic Provider Resolution
Implementing Multi-Provider Resources
HWRP Example 2: Extending the package Resource
Example 2: Creating a Provider
Example 2: Using Our Provider in a Recipe
Example 2: Tapping into Chef’s Provider Mapping
Summary and Further Reading
IV. Other Customizations
10. Customizing Knife
The Knife Source Code
Introduction to Knife Plugins
Anatomy of a Knife Command
Step 1: Validate and Parse Options
Step 2: Load Plugins
Step 3: Get Subcommand Class
Step 4: Load Dependencies
Step 5: Create Subcommand Object
Step 6: Run Plugin
Creating a Test Environment
Prerequisites and Preparation
Verifying That the Test Environment Works Correctly
Knife Example 1: Wrapping an Existing Plugin
Presenting Presenters!
Chef::Knife::Core::GenericPresenter
Chef::Knife::Core::NodePresenter
The UI Class
User Interaction Methods
Message Output Methods
Other Output Methods
Object Editing Methods
HighLine Methods
Knife Example 2: Search Plugin
Working with Chef Objects
Loading Objects: Searching
Loading Objects: Direct Loading
Editing and Saving Objects Noninteractively
Editing and Saving Objects Interactively
Creating and Updating Objects from Files
Knife Example 3: Tying It All Together
Revisiting AwesomeInc—Plugin Best Practices
Summary and Further Reading
11. The Chef API
Introduction to the Chef API
So Why Use the Chef API?
Authenticating to the Chef API
Creating a Test Environment
API Example 1: Authenticating and Making a GET Request
The Chef::Rest Class
API Example 2: Combining Multiple API Requests
Error Handling
Secrets of the Chef API
The /_status Endpoint
Partial Search
Summary and Further Reading
12. Contributing Your Customizations
Documentation
Supporting Your Code
Managing Contributions
Testing Your Software
Ruby and Infrastructure Testing Tools
Continuous Integration Tools
Chef-Specific Tooling
Further Reading
Versioning Your Software
Semantic Versioning
Licensing and Copyright
Copyright
Licensing Your Code
Distributing Your Customizations
Sharing the Source Code
Community Cookbooks
RubyGems
Distribution via Cookbook
Summary
A. Chef API Endpoints and Verbs
Index
Colophon
Copyright

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