(Ebook) College physics reasoning and relationships 2nd Edition by Nicholas J Giordano ISBN 9781111571023 1111571023

(Ebook) College physics reasoning and relationships 2nd Edition by Nicholas J Giordano ISBN 9781111571023 1111571023

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ISBN 10: 1111571023
ISBN 13: 9781111571023
Author: Nicholas J Giordano

(Ebook) College physics reasoning and relationships 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. The Purpose of Physics

1.2. Problem Solving in Physics: Reasoning and Relationships

1.3. Dealing with Numbers

Scientific Notation

Significant Figures

1.4. Physical Quantities and Units of Measure

Units of Time and Mass

The SI System of Units

Powers of 10 and Prefixes

1.5. Dimensions and Units

Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis

1.6. Algebra and Simultaneous Equations

Checking the Units of an Answer

1.7. Trigonometry

Measuring Angles

1.8. Vectors

Adding Vectors

Multiplying a Vector by a Scalar and Subtracting Vectors

Vectors and Components

Section Content

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 1.3. Dealing with Numbers

Problems: 1.4. Physical Quantities and Units of Measure

Problems: 1.5. Dimensions and Units

Problems: 1.6. Algebra and Simultaneous Equations

Problems: 1.7. Trigonometry

Problems: 1.8. Vectors

Additional Problems

Chapter 2. Motion, Forces, and Newton’s Laws

2.1. Aristotle’s Mechanics

The Failures of Aristotle’s Ideas about Mechanics

2.2. What Is Motion?

Velocity and Speed

How Is an Object’s Velocity Related to Its Position?

Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity

Acceleration

The Relation between Velocity and Acceleration

2.3. The Principle of Inertia

Galileo’s Experiments on Motion

2.4. Newton’s Laws of Motion

Newton’s First Law

Inertia and Mass

Newton’s Second Law

Newton’s Second Law and the Directions of v → and a →

Newton’s Third Law

Which Law Do We Use?

2.5. Why Did It Take Newton to Discover Newton’s Laws?

Forces on a Swimming Bacterium

2.6. Thinking about the Laws of Nature

Discovery of a New Law of Physics

After Newton, What Next?

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 2.2. What Is Motion?

Problems: 2.3. The Principle of Inertia

Problems: 2.4. Newton’s Laws of Motion

Additional Problems

Chapter 3. Forces and Motion in One Dimension

3.1. Motion of a Spacecraft in Interstellar Space

Motion with a Constant Nonzero Acceleration

Relations for Motion with Constant Acceleration

3.2. Normal Forces and Weight

Free-Body Diagrams

Acceleration and Apparent Weight

All Forces Come from Interactions

What Is “Mass”?

3.3. Adding Friction to the Mix

Kinetic Friction

Analyzing Motion in the Presence of Friction

Static Friction

Comparing Kinetic Friction and Static Friction

The Role of Friction in Walking and Rolling

3.4. Free Fall

Motion of a Dropped Ball

3.5. Cables, Strings, and Pulleys: Transmitting Forces from Here to There

Tension Forces

Some Cables Are Not Massless

Using Pulleys to Redirect a Force

Amplifying Forces

3.6. Reasoning and Relationships: Finding the Missing Piece

Jumping off a Ladder

3.7. Parachutes, Air Drag, and Terminal Speed

Skydiving and Air Drag

3.8. Life as a Bacterium

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 3.1. Motion of a Spacecraft in Interstellar Space

Problems: 3.2. Normal Forces And Weight

Problems: 3.3. Adding Friction to the Mix

Problems: 3.4. Free Fall

Problems: 3.5. Cables, Strings, and Pulleys: Transmitting Forces from Here to There

Problems: 3.6. Reasoning and Relationships: Finding the Missing Piece

Problems: 3.7. Parachutes, Air Drag, and Terminal Speed

Problems: 3.8. Life as a Bacterium

Additional Problems

Chapter 4. Forces and Motion in Two and Three Dimensions

4.1. Statics

Conditions for Translational Equilibrium

A Tightrope Walker in Equilibrium

Static Equilibrium and Frictional Forces

4.2. Projectile Motion

Rolling Off a Cliff

Independence of the Vertical and Horizontal Motion of Projectiles

Projectile Motion and Target Practice

Motion of a Baseball: Calculating the Trajectory and the Velocity

Motion of a Baseball: Analyzing the Results

4.3. A First Look at Reference Frames and Relative Velocity

Relative Velocity

4.4. Further Applications of Newton’s Laws

Traveling Down a Hill

Adding the Frictional Force

Pulleys and Cables

4.5. Detecting Acceleration: Reference Frames and the Workings of the Ear

The Accelerometer in Your Ear

Inertial Reference Frames

4.6. Projectile Motion Revisited: The Effect of Air Drag

Effect of Air Drag on a Bicycle

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 4.1. Statics

Problems: 4.2. Projectile Motion

Problems: 4.3. A First Look at Reference Frames and Relative Velocity

Problems: 4.4. Further Applications of Newton’s Laws

Problems: 4.5. Detecting Acceleration: Reference Frames and the Workings of the Ear

Problems: 4.6. Projectile Motion Revisited: the Effect of Air Drag

Additional Problems

Chapter 5. Circular Motion and Gravitation

5.1. Uniform Circular Motion

Centripetal Acceleration

Circular Motion and Forces

Centripetal Acceleration of a Turning Car: What Are the Forces?

A Car on a Banked Turn: Analyzing the Forces

5.2. Examples of Circular Motion

Twirling a Rock on a String: What Is the Tension in the String?

Circular Motion and Amusement Park Activities: Maximum Speed of a Roller Coaster

“Artificial Gravity” and a Rotating Space Station

Physics of a Centrifuge

Inertial and Noninertial Reference Frames Applied to a Centrifuge

5.3. Newton’s Law of Gravitation

Gravitation and the Orbital Motion of the Moon

Applying Newton’s Law of Gravitation: Calculating the Value of g

Measuring G : The Cavendish Experiment

Newton’s Apple

5.4. Planetary Motion and Kepler’s Laws

Kepler’s First Law

Kepler’s Second Law

Kepler’s Third Law

Satellite Orbits around the Earth

Kepler’s Laws, Putting a Satellite into Orbit, and the Origin of the Solar System

5.5. Moons and Tides

The Origin of Tides

5.6. Deep Notions Contained in Newton’s Law of Gravitation

The Inverse Square Law

Gravitation and Mass

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 5.1. Uniform Circular Motion

Problems: 5.2. Examples of Circular Motion

Problems: 5.3. Newton’s Law of Gravitation

Problems: 5.4. Planetary Motion and Kepler’s Laws

Problems: 5.5. Moons and Tides

Additional Problems

Chapter 6. Work and Energy

6.1. Force, Displacement, and Work

W Depends on the Direction of the Force Relative to the Displacement

How Physics Uses the Term Work

What Does the Work?

Graphical Analysis and Work Done by a Variable Force

6.2. Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem

Work, Energy, and Amplifying Forces

6.3. Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

Potential Energy Is Stored Energy

Potential Energy and Conservative Forces

Potential Energy, the Work–Energy Theorem, and Conservation of Energy

Conservation of Mechanical Energy and the Speed of a Snowboarder

Charting the Energy

Why Is the Principle of Conservation of Energy Useful?

Projectile Motion and Conservation of Energy

Only Changes in Potential Energy Matter

6.4. More Potential Energy Functions

Gravitational Potential Energy in the Solar System

Gravitational Potential Energy: Launching a Satellite into Space

Elastic Forces and Potential Energy: Springs

Potential Energy Stored in a Spring

Spring Forces and Potential Energy: A Recap

Total Potential Energy with Multiple Forces

Elastic Forces and the “Feeling” of Holding a Heavy Object

6.5. Conservative versus Nonconservative Forces and Conservation of Energy

The Work Done by Friction Depends on the Path

The Work–Energy Theorem Revisited: Including Nonconservative Forces

Conservation of Energy of a System

6.6. The Nature of Nonconservative Forces: What Is Friction Anyway?

6.7. Power

Power and Velocity

Power, Force, and Efficiency

6.8. Work, Energy, and Molecular Motors

Calculating the Force Exerted by a Molecular Motor

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 6.1. Force, Displacement, and Work

Problems: 6.2. Kinetic Energy and the Work–Energy Theorem

Problems: 6.3. Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

Problems: 6.4. More Potential Energy Functions

Problems: 6.5. Conservative versus Nonconservative Forces and Conservation of Energy

Problems: 6.7. Power

Problems: 6.8. Work, Energy, and Molecular Motors

Additional Problems

Chapter 7. Momentum, Impulse, and Collisions

7.1. Momentum

Momentum of a System of Particles

7.2. Force and Impulse

Impulse Associated with a Variable Force

Impulse and the Average Force

Minimizing Collision Forces

7.3. Conservation of Momentum

Conservation of Momentum for a System of Many Particles

Momentum Conservation and External Forces

7.4. Collisions

Elastic Collisions in One Dimension

A Collision between Two Billiard Balls

The Power of Conservation Principles

Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension

Completely Inelastic Collisions

Inelastic Collisions: What Happens to the Kinetic Energy?

Collisions in Two Dimensions

A Collision in Two Dimensions: A Rocket, an Asteroid, and Saving the Earth

7.5. Using Momentum Conservation to Analyze Inelastic Events

Applying the Principle of Conservation of Momentum to Inelastic Events

Inelastic Processes Are Similar to Collisions

Splitting Asteroids

7.6. Center of Mass

What Is the Center of Mass and How Is It Useful?

Motion of the Center of Mass

Translational Motion of a System

7.7. A Bouncing Ball and Momentum Conservation

7.8. The Importance of Conservation Principles in Physics

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problem: 7.1. Momentum

Problem: 7.2. Force and Impulse

Problem: 7.3. Conservation of Momentum

Problem: 7.4. Collisions

Problem: 7.5. Using Momentum Conservation to Analyze Inelastic Events

Problem: 7.6. Center of Mass

Problem: 7.7. A Bouncing Ball and Momentum Conservation

Additional Problems

Chapter 8. Rotational Motion

8.1. Describing Rotational Motion

Angular Velocity and Acceleration

Angular and Centripetal Acceleration Are Different

The Period of Rotational Motion

The Connection between Linear and Rotational Motion

8.2. Torque and Newton’s Laws for Rotational Motion

Torque and Lever Arm

Relating Torque and Angular Acceleration

Newton’s Second Law for Rotational Motion and the Analogy with Translational Motion

Torques and Lever Arms Revisited: A More General Definition

Two Ways to Think about Torque

Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Direction of Torque

8.3. Rotational Equilibrium

Rotational Equilibrium of a Lever: Amplifying Forces

Amplification of Forces in the Ear

Pushing on a Crate: When Will It Tip?

8.4. Moment of Inertia

8.5. Rotational Dynamics

Angular Motion of a Compact Disc

Pulling on a Pulley: Real Pulleys with Mass

Motion of a Pulley and Crate: Example of Combined Translational and Rotational Motion

8.6. Combined Rotational and Translational Motion

Rolling Motion

Sweet Spot of a Baseball Bat

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 8.1. Describing Rotational Motion

Problems: 8.2. Torque and Newton’s Laws for Rotational Motion

Problems: 8.3. Rotational Equilibrium

Problems: 8.4. Moment of Inertia

Problems: 8.5. Rotational Dynamics

Problems: 8.6. Combined Rotational and Translational Motion

Additional Problems

Chapter 9. Energy and Momentum of Rotational Motion

9.1. Kinetic Energy of Rotation

The Total Kinetic Energy of an Object Is the Sum of the Rotational and Translational Kinetic Energies

Rolling Motion and the Distribution of Kinetic Energy

Torque and Rotational Kinetic Energy: Rotational Version of the Work–Energy Theorem

9.2. Conservation of Energy and Rotational Motion

9.3. Angular Momentum

Conservation of Angular Momentum and a Spinning Skater

Problem Solving with Angular Momentum

Angular Momentum and Kinetic Energy

9.4. Angular Momentum and Kepler’s Second Law of Planetary Motion

Angular Momentum of an Orbiting Planet

9.5. The Vector Nature of Rotational Motion: Gyroscopes

The Earth as a Gyroscope

Angular Momentum and the Stability of a Spinning Wheel

Precession

9.6. Cats and Other Rotating Objects

Rotating Cats

Angular Momentum and Motorcycles

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 9.1. Kinetic Energy of Rotation

Problems: 9.2. Conservation of Energy and Rotational Motion

Problems: 9.3. Angular Momentum

Problems: 9.4. Angular Momentum and Kepler’s Second Law of Planetary Motion

Problems: 9.5. The Vector Nature of Rotational Motion: Gyroscopes

Problems: 9.6. Cats and Other Rotating Objects

Additional Problems

Chapter 10. Fluids

10.1. Pressure and Density

Atmospheric Pressure

Vacuum and the Magdeburg Experiment

Gauge Pressure versus Absolute Pressure

Density

10.2. Fluids and the Effect of Gravity

Pressure in a U-Tube

Barometers, Vacuums, and Measuring Pressure

Units for Measuring Pressure

Pumping a Liquid

Pressure in a Compressible Fluid

10.3. Hydraulics and Pascal’s Principle

Designing a Hydraulic Lift: Amplifying Forces

Work–Energy Analysis of a Hydraulic System

10.4. Buoyancy and Archimedes’s Principle

Examples and Applications of Archimedes’s Principle

Archimedes’s Principle Holds for Objects of Any Shape, in Both Incompressible and Compressible Fluids

10.5. Fluids in Motion: Continuity and Bernoulli’s Equation

Bernoulli’s Equation

Interpreting Bernoulli’s Equation

Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation

10.6. Real Fluids: A Molecular View

Viscosity and Poiseuille’s Law

Viscosity and Stokes’s Law

Surface Tension

Capillary Pressure

How Plants Use Capillary Pressure

10.7. Turbulence

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 10.1. Pressure and Density

Problems: 10.2. Fluids and the Effect of Gravity

Problems: 10.3. Hydraulics and Pascal’s Principle

Problems: 10.4. Buoyancy and Archimedes’s Principle

Problems: 10.5. Fluids in Motion: Continuity and Bernoulli’s Equation

Problems: 10.6. Real Fluids: A Molecular View

Additional Problems

Chapter 11. Harmonic Motion and Elasticity

11.1. General Features of Harmonic Motion

Simple Harmonic Motion

The Connection between Simple Harmonic Motion and Circular Motion

11.2. Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Mass on a Spring

Mass on a Vertical Spring: Bungee Jumping Revisited

The Simple Pendulum

The Human Arm as a Pendulum

The Torsional Oscillator

Features Common to All Simple Harmonic Oscillators

The Frequency of a Simple Harmonic Oscillator Is Independent of the Amplitude

11.3. Harmonic Motion and Energy

11.4. Stress, Strain, and Hooke’s Law

Elastic versus Plastic Deformations

The Shear Modulus

The Bulk Modulus

Elastic Properties and Simple Harmonic Motion

11.5. Damping and Resonance

The Driven Oscillator

11.6. Detecting Small Forces

The Cavendish Experiment

The Atomic Force Microscope

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 11.1. General Features of Harmonic Motion

Problems: 11.2. Examples of Simple Harmonic Motion

Problems: 11.3. Harmonic Motion and Energy

Problems: 11.4. Stress, Strain, and Hooke’s Law

Problems: 11.5. Damping and Resonance

Problems: 11.6. Detecting Small Forces

Additional Problems

Chapter 12. Waves

12.1. What Is a Wave?

12.2. Describing Waves

The “Equation” of a Wave

Speed of a Wave

12.3. Examples of Waves

Waves on a String

Sound

Wave Propagation in a Solid

Visible Light and Other Electromagnetic Waves

Water Waves

12.4. The Geometry of a Wave: Wave Fronts

Spherical Waves

Plane Waves

Intensity and Amplitude of a Wave

12.5. Superposition and Interference

Constructive and Destructive Interference

Interference of Periodic Waves

12.6. Reflection

Radar

12.7. Refraction

12.8. Standing Waves

Musical Tones

12.9. Seismic Waves and the Structure of the Earth

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 12.1. What Is a Wave?

Problems: 12.2. Describing Waves

Problems: 12.3. Examples of Waves

Problems: 12.4. The Geometry of a Wave: Wave Fronts

Problems: 12.5. Superposition and Interference

Problems: 12.6. Reflection

Problems: 12.7. Refraction

Problems: 12.8. Standing Waves

Problems: 12.9. Seismic Waves and the Structure of the Earth

Additional Problems

Chapter 13. Sound

13.1. Sound Is a Longitudinal Wave

The Speed of Sound

Musical Tones and Pitch

13.2. Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

Decibels

Human Perception of Sound

The Ear as a Pressure Detector

13.3. Standing Sound Waves

Standing Waves in a Pipe Closed at Both Ends

Standing Waves in a Pipe Open at One End and Closed at the Other

Composition of a Real Musical Tone

13.4. Beats

13.5. Reflection and Scattering of Sound

13.6. The Doppler Effect

Speed Guns, Bats, and the Doppler Effect

Moving Sources and Shock Waves

13.7. Applications

Using Sound to Study Global Warming

Imaging with Ultrasound

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 13.1. Sound is a Longitudinal Wave

Problems: 13.2. Amplitude and Intensity of a Sound Wave

Problems: 13.3. Standing Sound Waves

Problems: 13.4. Beats

Problems: 13.5. Reflection and Scattering of Sound

Problems: 13.6. The Doppler Effect

Problems: 13.7. Applications

Additional Problems

Chapter 14. Temperature and Heat

14.1. Thermodynamics: Applying Physics to a “System”

14.2. Temperature and Heat

Units of Heat

Temperature: A Microscopic Picture

Temperature Scales

Very High and Very Low Temperatures: What Are the Limits?

14.3. Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

14.4. Phases of Matter and Phase Changes

Internal Energy

Phase Changes

Specific Heat and Heat Capacity

Why Is Specific Heat Important?

Calorimetry

Latent Heat

Calorimetry: Including the Latent Heat

14.5. Thermal Expansion

Effects of Thermal Expansion

Thermal Expansion of Water

14.6. Heat Conduction

Why Do Metals “Feel” Cold?

14.7. Convection

Wind Chill

14.8. Heat and Radiation

Radiation and the Notion of a “Blackbody”

The Stefan–Boltzmann Law and Heat Flow

Radiation from the Sun and the Temperature of the Earth

Medical Uses of Heat Radiation

The Greenhouse Effect

Key Concepts and Principles

Applications

Problems Icon Guide

Questions

Problems: 14.2. Temperature and Heat

Problems: 14.4. Phases of Matter and Phase Changes

Problems: 14.5. Thermal Expansion

Problems: 14.6. Heat Conduction

Problems: 14.7. Convection

Problems: 14.8. Heat and Radiation

Additional Problems

Chapter 15. Gases and Kinetic Theory

15.1. Molecular Picture of a Gas

15.2. Ideal Gases: An Experimental Perspective

Absolute Temperature and the Kelvin Scale

The Ideal Gas Law

15.3. Ideal Gases and Newton’s Laws

Pressure Comes from Collisions with Gas Molecules

The Microscopic Basis of Temperature

15.4. Kinetic Theory

Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas

Specific Heat of an Ideal Gas

Polyatomic Gases

Distribution of Speeds in a Gas

15.5. Diffusion

Using Diffusion in Medicine

Isotope Separation

Diffusion, Brownian Motion, and the Discovery of Atoms

The Arrow of Time

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