(Ebook) Clostridium difficile New Challenges for an Old Foe 1st Edition by Glenn S Tillotson, Karl Weiss ISBN 1780843151 9781780843155

(Ebook) Clostridium difficile New Challenges for an Old Foe 1st Edition by Glenn S Tillotson, Karl Weiss ISBN 1780843151 9781780843155

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ISBN 10: 1780843151 
ISBN 13: 9781780843155
Author: Glenn S Tillotson, Karl Weiss

Clostridium difficile infection: a global threat Toxinotype: a group of strains with identical isolates from six states in the USA where the changes in a chromosome region called the outbreaks occurred between 2001 and 2003 pathogenicity locus. (including Maine, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, PCR ribotyping: a typing method based on patterns of Georgia, Illinois and Oregon), found a PCR products of the 16S–23S ribosomal RNA common strain of C. difficile that infected the intergenic spacer region. majority of patients in the hospitals [21]. This same strain was also observed as a single predominant strain circulating among 12  hospitals in Quebec during an outbreak in 2004 [22]. This new highly virulent epidemic strain was characterized as toxinotype III, restriction endonuclease ana­lysis group BI, pulse-field gel electrophoresis North American PFGE type 1 (NAP1) and PCR ribotype 027, or known as BI/NAP1/027 strain [21,23]. This strain causes more severe clinical conditions and higher mortality rates due to increased toxin A and B production [24]. An in vitro study to measure C. difficile toxin production showed that this BI/NAP1/027 strain had a 16- and 23-times higher peak median concentration of toxin A and B, respectively, than other studied strains [25]. Binary toxin is another toxin found to be associated with this C. difficile strain [22,24]. The role of this binary toxin as a virulence factor has not been well established. However, recent reports found that it can affect the actin cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells, thus enhancing adherence and colonization of the organism [26,27]. In addition, the resistance to fluoroquinolones was observed to be significantly more common with this BI/NAP1/027 strain than other C.  difficile strains [21,22]. The wide use of fluoroquinolones may select for and cause spreading of the disease with this particular strain

(Ebook) Clostridium difficile New Challenges for an Old Foe 1st Table of contents:

1. Infection Control Issues in Clostridium difficile

2. Future and Alternative Approaches to Managing Clostridium difficile Infection

3. Recent Advances with Clostridium difficile

4. Index

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Tags: Glenn S Tillotson, Karl Weiss, Clostridium, difficile