(Ebook) Bronchial Vascular Remodeling in Asthma and COPD 1st edition by Lazaar Aili 0824729811 9780824729813

(Ebook) Bronchial Vascular Remodeling in Asthma and COPD 1st edition by Lazaar Aili 0824729811 9780824729813

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ISBN-10 :  0824729811 

ISBN-13 :  9780824729813

Author:   Lazaar Aili 

Responding to the growth of research in the field over the past decade, this book brings together leading investigators with expertise in pulmonology, pathology, and developmental biology to clarify the mechanisms that regulate the development of bronchial vascular remodeling in asthma and COPD, as well as explore the pathophysiological processes t

Bronchial Vascular Remodeling in Asthma and COPD 1st table of contents:

1 Developmental Origins of the Bronchial Vasculature: Experimental Approaches to Study the Structure and Function of Bronchial Vasculature
I. Anatomy
A. Gross Anatomy
B. Microscopic Anatomy
II. Angiogenic Processes and Their Control
III. Experimental Approaches to Study the Bronchial Circulation
A. In Health
Structure
Function
Normal Physiology
Blood Flow
Regulation/Control
Humoral Factors
Neural Regulation
Mechanical Influences
B. In Disease
Asthma/Allergic Responses
Chronic Bronchitis, Infection, and Emphysema
IV. Summary
References
2 Noninvasive Measurement of Airway Blood Flow
I. Introduction
II. Structural and Functional Basis of Noninvasive Techniques
A. Anatomical Considerations
B. Physiological Considerations
Nourishment of the Mucosa (Airway Blood Flow)
Air Conditioning
Gas Exchange in the Airway
III. Noninvasive Techniques for Airway Blood Flow Measurement
A. Laser Doppler Velocimetry
B. Soluble Gas Uptake
Theoretical Background
Methodology of aw Measurement in Humans
Selected Observations
IV. Conclusions
References
3 Molecular Mechanisms of Angiogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Vessel Growth—In the Embryo and Adult
III. Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor
IV. Vasculogenesis
A. Angiogenic Progenitors in the Embryo
B. Angiogenic Progenitors in the Adult
V. Angiogenesis
A. Early Steps to Accommodate Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration
B. Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Vessel Sprouting
C. Vascular Tube Formation
D. Assembling the Vascular Network—The Role of Oxygen
E. Assembling the Vascular Network—Guidance and Patterning
F. Long-Term Survival of Vascular Endothelium
G. Endothelial Cell Diversity—Meeting Local Demands
H. Periendothelial Cells—Critical Role and Origins
I. Recruitment of Periendothelial Cells
J. Collateral Vessels
VI. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
4 Chemokine Regulation of Angiogenesis
I. Introduction
II. The Chemokines
A. Nomenclature, Identification, Chemical Structures
B. Chemokine Receptor Binding
C. Chemokine Receptors on Endothelial Cells
D. Pro-/Antiangiogenic Functions
E. Intracellular Signaling
F. Interaction with Other Chemokines/Growth Factors
III. Role of Chemokines in Angiogenesis
A. Systemic Organs
B. Lung
Asthma
COPD
IV. Role of Chemokines in Other Lung Pathologies
A. Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
B. Lung During Pulmonary Artery Obstruction
C. Lung Neoplasia
D. Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
V. Summary
References
5 The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Angiogenesis
I. Introduction
II. The ECM of the Quiescent Endothelium
A. Thrombospondin-1
B. High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan
C. Collagen XVIII/Endostatin
D. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
E. Growth Factors Sequestered in the ECM
III. The Angiogenic Matrix
A. Extravasation of Plasma Proteins
B. De Novo Protein Synthesis and Secretion
C. Proteolytic Processing of the ECM
D. Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronan
IV. Integrins and the ECM
V. ECM and Proliferation
VI. ECM and EC Apoptosis
VII. ECM and Endothelial Cell Migration
VIII. ECM and Capillary Morphogenesis
IX. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6 Angiogenesis in the Asthmatic Airway
I. Introduction
A. Airway Remodeling
B. Descriptions of Airway Vascularity
C. Angiogenesis
D. VEGF in Airway Vascularity
E. Vasodilatation and Microvascular Leakage
F. Stem Cells in Airway Vascularity and Vascular Angiogenesis
II. Summary
References
7 Bronchial Vascular Remodeling in Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis
I. Introduction
A. Emphysema
B. Chronic Bronchitis
II. Airway Remodeling
A. Injury and Repair
III. Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A. Angiogenesis
B. Arteriogenesis and Vascular Remodeling
C. Bronchial Vessels
IV. Growth Factors Involved in Vascular Remodeling
A. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
B. Fibroblast Growth Factors
C. Transforming Growth Factors
V. Vascular Remodeling in Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
A. Expression of Angiogenic Growth Factors in COPD
B. Role of VEGF and Its Receptors in Pathogenesis of Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
C. Angiogenic Growth Factors as Potential Therapeutic Targets
VI. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8 Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
I. Introduction
II. The Normal Pulmonary Circulation
A. Pulmonary Vascular Development
B. The Capillary Network
III. Effects of COPD on Pulmonary Hemodynamics
IV. Effects of COPD on Pulmonary Vasculature
V. Morphological Changes
A. Muscular Pulmonary Arteries
B. Nonmuscular/Partially Muscular Arteries (15–80 mm)
VI. Cellular Changes
A Endothelium
Smooth Muscle Cells and Pericytes
Fibroblasts
VII. Mechanisms of Vascular Remodeling in COPD
A. Hypoxia
B. Growth Factors
Transforming Growth Factor-b (TGF-b) Family
Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)
C. Vasoactive Mediators
Endothelin 1
Nitric Oxide
Adrenomedullin
D. Thrombosis
E. Inflammation
F. Effects of Cigarette Smoke on the Pulmonary Vasculature
VIII. Genetic Influences on Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Pulmonary Hypertension in COPD
Serotonin Transporter (5-HTT) Polymorphism
eNOS Polymorphisms
A. ACE Polymorphisms
IX. Therapeutic Approaches
Long Term Oxygen Therapy
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and Nitric Oxide
Endothelin Antagonists (Bosentan)
Prostacyclin
ACE Inhibitors
References
9 Angiogenesis: Lessons Learned from Skeletal Muscle
I. Angiogenesis: Overview of a Rapidly Changing Field
II. Initiation and Regulation by Pro- and Antiangiogenic Growth Factors
III. Scope—Focus on Skeletal Muscles: Which Genes Are Turned on, Which Are Important, What the Stimuli Are
A. Angiogenic Genes Activated by Exercise
B. Which Angiogenic Genes Activated by Exercise Are Actually Important?
C. What Are the Stimuli—Hypoxia or Nonhypoxic Phenomena?
IV. Relevance to the Lungs: Airways and Parenchyma, Focus on VEGF
V. Summary
References
10 Pharmacologic Modulation of Bronchial Vascular Remodeling: Current Therapies and Novel Approaches
I. Introduction
II. Current Therapies
A. Corticosteroids
B. β 2-Agonists
C. Other Antiasthma Drugs
III. Novel Therapeutic Approaches
A. Potential Drug Targets
B. Angiopoietin-1
IV. Conclusions
Acknowledgment

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Tags: Bronchial Vascular, Remodeling, Asthma, COPD, Lazaar Aili