(Ebook) Biomedical Engineering Imaging Systems Electric Devices and Medical Materials 1st Edition by Akihiro Miyauchi, Hiroyuki Kagechika ISBN 9781003464044 1003464041

1. Manipulation of Mechanical and Functional Properties of the Ti-Au-Based Shape Memory Alloys by Transition Metal Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Experimental

1.2.1 Chemicals

1.2.2 Alloy Fabrication

1.2.3 Phase Identification and Lattice Parameter Analysis

1.2.4 Microstructure Observation and Composition Analysis

1.2.5 Mechanical Property Evaluations

1.3 Ti-4Au-5M Alloy Systems

1.3.1 Cold Workability

1.3.2 Phase Identification

1.3.3 Mechanical Behavior Evaluations

1.3.4 Brief Summaries of the Ti-4Au-5M Alloys

1.4 Ti-4Au-5Cr-nTa Alloy System

1.4.1 Cold Workability

1.4.2 Phase Identification

1.4.3 Mechanical Behavior Evaluations

1.4.4 Shape Recovery

1.4.5 Brief Summaries of the Ti-4Au-5Cr-nTa Alloys

Acknowledgments

References

2. Ceramics for Bone Repair and Cancer Therapy

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Ceramics for Bone Repair

2.2.1 Bioresponsive Materials

2.2.2 Antibacterial Materials

2.3 Ceramics for Cancer Therapy

2.3.1 Ceramics for Radiotherapy

2.3.2 Ceramics for Hyperthermia

2.4 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

3. Hydrophilic Treatment Using Atmospheric Pressure Low-Temperature Plasma

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Atmospheric Pressure Low-Temperature Plasma

3.2.1 Direct and Remote Processing

3.2.2 Dielectric Barrier Discharge

3.2.3 Multi-Gas Plasma Jet

3.3 Hydrophilic Treatment Using Atmospheric Pressure Low-Temperature Plasma

3.3.1 Evaluation Method of Hydrophilicity

3.3.2 Hydrophilization Effect on Polyimide Film

3.3.3 Duration of Hydrophilic Effect by Nitrogen Plasma Treatment

3.4 Hydrophilization Effect on Biomaterials

3.4.1 Hydrophilization Effect on PFA

3.4.2 Hydrophilization Effect on Silicone Rubber Sheet

3.5 Summary

References

4. Microwave Imaging Algorithms for Breast Cancer Detection

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Fundamental Principle

4.3 Imaging Algorithm for Breast Cancer Detection

4.4 Review of Recent Progress

4.5 Conclusion

References

5. Synergy of Data Glove-Based Motion Tracking and Functional Electrical Stimulation for Rehabilitation and Assisted Learning

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Components, Devices, and Equipment

5.2.1 Rapid Response Widely Stretchable CNT-Based Strain Sensors

5.2.2 High-Fidelity Data Gloves with Embedded CNT Strain Sensors

5.2.3 Belt-Shaped Multi-Pad Electrodes

5.2.4 Multichannel FES Equipment

5.3 Data Processing Framework

5.3.1 Registering the Set of Target Finger Bending Postures Provided by the Reference Hand (Step 1)

5.3.2 Identifying the Optimal Stimulation Electrode Combinations by Pairing and Scanning (Step 2)

5.3.3 Applying Electrical Stimulation Patterns to the Target Hand to Match Finger Bending Postures of the Reference Hand (Step 3)

5.3.4 Possible Optimizations of the Electrode Selection Process

5.4 Application Examples

5.4.1 Employing FES for Restoring the Hand and Finger Motor Functions

5.4.2 Employing FES for Facilitating the Mobile Malossi Alphabet Learning

5.5 Conclusion and Further Developments

References

6. Motion Estimation from Surface EMG Signals Using Multi-Array Electrodes

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Human Interface

6.3 Multi-Array Measurement System

6.3.1 Multi-Array Electrode System

6.3.2 Independent Component Analysis

6.3.3 Non-Negative Matrix Factorization

6.4 Motion Control

6.4.1 Motor Control Issue

6.4.2 Posture Control

6.4.3 Muscle Synergy

6.5 Applications

6.5.1 Prosthetic Hand

6.5.2 Rehabilitation

6.6 Summary

References

7. Low-Power Wireless Transmitter with Quadrature Backscattering Technique

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Basics of Backscattering

7.3 Quadrature Backscattering

7.3.1 Method Based on MOS Transistors as Variable Resistors

7.3.2 Proposed Quadrature Backscattering Technique

7.4 Block Diagram and Circuit Implementation

7.5 Measurement Results

7.6 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

8. Representation by Extended Reality in X-Ray Three-Dimensional Imaging

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Three-Dimensional Representation of X-Ray CT Using Two-Dimensional Tomograms (Three-Plane Display)

8.3 Three-Dimensional Representation of X-Ray Computed Tomography Data Using Extended Reality

8.4 Three-Dimensional Pointing Using Extended Reality and Motion Capture

8.5 Application of Extended Reality Technology in the Medical Field

References

9. Refractive Index Measurement by Photodiode with Surface Plasmon Antenna and Its Application to Biosensing

9.1 Introduction

9.2 PD with SP Antenna

9.3 Refractive Index Measurement

9.4 Two-PD Method

9.5 Sensing of Biomolecules

9.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

10. Application of THz Spectroscopy for Crystal-Structure Refinement of Bio-Related Molecules and Functional Materials

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Methods

10.2.1 Gallium Phosphide (GAp)-Continuous Wave (CW)-THz, THz-Time-Domain Spectroscopy (TDS),

10.2.2 Calculations

10.3 Determination of the positions of H Atoms in SCPLA

10.4 Analysis of the F/H Occupation in Form I of Diflunisal

10.5 Analysis of the Orientation of MA in HOI Perovskite

10.6 Characterization of the Order and Disorder Zones in PGA Films

10.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

11. Organic Molecule-Containing Electrically Conductive Electron Beam Resist for Organic Biosensors with Nanostructures

11.1 Introduction

11.2 PCBM-Containing ZEP520A

11.2.1 Results

11.2.2 Application to Biosensor

11.3 Alq3-Containing ZEP520A

11.3.1 Results

11.3.2 Application to Biosensor

References

12. mRNA Medicines and mRNA Vaccines

12.1 Design and Construction of Template DNAs for In Vitro Transcription (IVT)

12.1.1 Promoter

12.1.2 Protein-Coding Region

12.1.3 Utr

12.1.4 Poly(A) Tail

12.2 In Vitro Transcription and Purification of mRNAs

12.3 Carriers for mRNA Delivery

References

13. Fabrication of Decellularized Tissue for Biomedical Application

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Decellularization Methods

13.2.1 Chemical Decellularization Method

13.2.2 Physical Decellularization Method

13.3 Properties of Decellularized Tissue

13.4 Applications of Decellularized Tissue

13.5 Decellularized Organs

13.6 Application of Decellularized Tissue Powder

13.7 Functionalization of Decellularized Tissue

13.7.1 dECM Gels

13.7.2 Composites

13.8 Conclusion

References

14. Bioengineering Challenges in Regenerative Medicine: Biofunctional Materials Design

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Bioengineering Challenges in Regenerative Medicine

14.3 Engineered Polypeptides as Building Blocks for Biofunctional Materials

14.4 Biofunctional Materials Design Principles

14.5 Incorporation of Integrin-Binding Polypeptides

14.6 Incorporation of Protein Factors

14.7 Summary

Acknowledgments

References

15. Development of Etak, an Ethoxysilane-Based Immobilized Antibacterial and Antiviral Agent

15.1 Immobilized Antimicrobial Agent Etak and Its Antibacterial Effects

15.1.1 Immobilization on Towels and Antimicrobial Properties

15.1.2 Antibacterial Spectrum of Etak

15.1.3 Antiviral Spectrum of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Anti-Influenza Effects of Etak

15.2 Safety of Etak

15.2.1 Mutagenicity Test (Ames Test)

15.2.2 Acute Oral Toxicity Testing Using Mice

15.2.3 Primary Skin Irritation Test Using Rabbits

15.2.4 Continuous Skin Irritation Test Using Rabbits

15.2.5 Eye Irritation Test Using Rabbits

15.2.6 Human Patch Test

15.3 Applications of Etak as Cosmetics

15.3.1 Oral Cosmetics

15.3.2 Immobilization on the Skin

15.4 Conclusion

References

16. A Real-Time Computer-Aided Diagnosis System with Quantitative Staging on Customizable Embedded Digital Signal Processor

16.1 Introduction: Colorectal Cancer Classification

16.2 Computer-Aided Diagnosis System with Convolutional Neural Network

16.3 Proposed CAD System Implementation to Embedded Customizable DSP Core

16.3.1 Multiply and Accumulate Calculation in CNN

16.3.2 Requirements for Hardware Platform of the CAD System Implementation

16.3.3 Overview of Customizable Embedded DSP Core

16.3.4 Hardware Design and Processing Flow

16.3.5 Processing Cycle Reduction and Implementation

16.4 Evaluation of the Developed Prototype System

16.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

17. Medical Image Analysis

17.1 Image Processing

17.1.1 Correlation

17.1.2 Filtering

17.2 Machine Learning

17.2.1 Support Vector Machine

17.2.2 Convolutional Neural Network

17.3 Applications

17.3.1 Applications for Image Diagnosis

17.3.2 Applications for Surgical Navigation

17.3.3 Applications for Medical Robotics

References

Index