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0 reviewsINTRODUCTION
Despite a decline in mortality related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the last three decades,the prevalence of CVD remains high.1Acute heartfailure (AHF) is the most common emergencyadmission in patients above 65yearsold, causing5% of all emergency admissions with an inpatientmortality of 11%.2One in five patients hospitalised with heart failure in the USA is admitted to anintensive care unit (ICU),3and 31.9% of admissionsfor cardiogenic shock (CS) due to acute myocardial infarction were complicated by multiorganfailure.4The contemporary ICU therefore has tohave the expertise to manage acute cardiovascularcare across an increasing breadth and complexity ofcardiovascular conditions either as the presentingpathology or as a comorbid condition in criticallyunwell patients admitted for other reasons.5This review outlines an approach to the unstablecardiovascular patient on the ICU. We will reviewthe assessment and management of patientsrequiring intensive care admission with cardiovascular disease, the common aetiologies, associatedinvestigations and the range of support modalitiesavailable on the ICU.
► Additional supplementalmaterial is published onlineonly. To view, please visit thejournal online ( of Critical CareMedicine, Guy’s and St Thomas’Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK2Department of Surgery andCancer, Imperial CollegeLondon, London, UK3Department of Critical Care,Royal Papworth Hospital NHSFoundation Trust, Cambridge,UK4Perioperative MedicineDepartment, Barts Health NHSTrust, London, UK5Department of Anaesthesiology