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ISBN 13: 9781444360424
Author: Matthew Johnson
Archaeological Theory, 2nd Edition is the most current and comprehensive introduction to the field available. Thoroughly revised and updated, this engaging text offers students an ideal entry point to the major concepts and ongoing debates in archaeological research. Exploring the many ways of approaching the human past, from positivism to post-modernism, Johnson reveals the historical origins of different schools of thought and sets theories against the practical problems they are intended to solve, as well as against wider developments in other disciplines. A lucid and concise guide to the most updated thinking and terminology in the field, Archaeological Theory, 2nd Edition remains an invaluable resource for students and archaeologists of all stripes.
Chapter 1: Common Sense is Not Enough
Definitions of Theory
Chapter 2: The ‘New Archaeology’
Culture History
Origins of the New Archaeology
New Archaeology: Key Points
Case Study: The Enigma of the Megaliths
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Archaeology as a Science
Definitions of Science
Positivism
Examples
Objections to ‘Science’
Kuhn and Feyerabend
Social Constructivism
Chapter 4: Middle-range Theory, Ethnoarchaeology and Material Culture Studies
Binford and Middle-range Theory
Interpreting the Mousterian
Uniformitarian Assumptions
Case Study: Bones at Olduvai
Middle-range Theory: Problems
Behavioural Archaeology
Material Culture Studies
Chapter 5: Culture and Process
Culture History
Cultural Systems: Summary
The Idea of Process
Example: Cultural Process around the North Sea
Cultural Process: Strengths
The Context of Cultural Systems
Processual Thinking: Drawbacks
Processual Thinking Modified
Culture, Process and the Individual
Chapter 6: Thoughts and Ideologies
Looking at Thoughts
Structuralism
Marxism
Ideology
Cognitive Archaeology
Conclusion
Chapter 7: Postprocessual and Interpretive Archaeologies
Postprocessual Archaeology
Case Studies: Rock Art and Medieval Houses
Phenomenology
Chapter 8: Archaeology, Gender and Identity
Gender
Bias Correction
Critique of Archaeological Practice
Archaeologies of Gender
Men, Women and Knowledge
Case Study: What This Awl Means
Archaeologies of Identity
Performativity
Conclusion
Chapter 9: Archaeology and Cultural Evolution
Darwin, Marx and Spencer
Cultural Evolution
Criticisms of Cultural Evolution
Multilinear Evolution
Cultural Evolution and Marxism
Origins of the State
Case Study: Cahokia
Cultural Evolution Strikes Back
Chapter 10: Archaeology and Darwinian Evolution
Darwin’s Dangerous Idea
Cultural Ecology
Genes and Memes
Co-Evolutionary Theory
Selectionist Archaeology
Case Study: Art, Handaxes, Population and Innovation in the Palaeolithic
Darwinian Archaeologies: Criticisms
Conclusion
Chapter 11: Archaeology and History
Traditional History
The Annales School
The Linguistic Turn
Historical Archaeology
Historical Archaeology and the Text
Case Study: Bodiam Castle
Conclusion
Chapter 12: Archaeology, Politics and Culture
Archaeology is Not in a Vacuum
Case Study: African Burial Ground
Indigenous Archaeologies
Multiculturalism, Diversity and Inclusion
The Relativism Question
Chapter 13: Conclusion: The Future of Theory
Where We Are Now
The Fall and Rise of Empiricism
Processual and Postprocessual Archaeologies
Agency
Materiality
Theorizing The Field
Where Theory Is Going
Progress and Impact
Diversity and Pluralism
Conclusion
Selective Glossary
Further Reading
Bibliography
Index
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Tags: Matthew Johnson, Archaeological, Theory
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