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Available4.9
23 reviewsThe Kitaev model on a honeycomb lattice with bond-dependent Ising interactions offers an exactly solvablemodel of a quantum spin liquid (QSL) with fractionalized excitations: gapped Z2 fluxes and gapless linearlydispersing Majorana fermions in the isotropic limit (Kx = Ky = Kz). We explore the phase diagram along twoaxes, an external magnetic field h, applied out of plane of the honeycomb, and anisotropic interactions Kz largerthan the other two (Kx = Ky ≡ K). For Kz/K 2 and h = 0, the matter Majorana fermions have the largest gap,and the system is described by a gapped Z2 toric code. One of the central questions we address is whether thefractionalized excitations in the different phases have sharp signatures that can be detected in experiments. Weshow that while the response to single-spin excitations is broad, the spectral function corresponding to two-spinexcitations across a bond has sharp signatures that can be attributed to specific anyons. In the toric code regime,the = e × m fermion, formed from the bosonic Ising electric (e) and magnetic (m) charges, disperses along aspecific one-dimensional direction that provides a fingerprint of fractionalization. At lower Kz in the center ofthe Abelian phase, in a regime we dub the primordial fractionalized regime, the field generates a hybridizationbetween the fermion and the Majorana matter fermion, resulting in a ψ fermion which too has a distinctquasi-one-dimensional dispersion. All the other phases in the field-anisotropy plane are naturally obtained fromthis primordial soup. These highly constrained fractonlike dispersions can be observable by inelastic light andneutron scattering, thereby providing “smoking gun” signatures of fractionalization in the QSL phase. Ouranalysis is based on calculations of susceptibilities, topological entanglement entropy, and excitation dynamics,obtained using exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group, and supported by perturbationtheory.DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.108.035149