Most ebook files are in PDF format, so you can easily read them using various software such as Foxit Reader or directly on the Google Chrome browser.
Some ebook files are released by publishers in other formats such as .awz, .mobi, .epub, .fb2, etc. You may need to install specific software to read these formats on mobile/PC, such as Calibre.
Please read the tutorial at this link. https://ebooknice.com/page/post?id=faq
We offer FREE conversion to the popular formats you request; however, this may take some time. Therefore, right after payment, please email us, and we will try to provide the service as quickly as possible.
For some exceptional file formats or broken links (if any), please refrain from opening any disputes. Instead, email us first, and we will try to assist within a maximum of 6 hours.
EbookNice Team
Status:
Available4.5
14 reviewsSUMMARYAncient genomic studies have extensively explored human-microbial interactions, yet research on nonhuman animals remains limited. In this study, we analyzed ancient microbial DNA from 483 mammoth remains spanning over 1 million years, including 440 newly sequenced and unpublished samples from a1.1-million-year-old steppe mammoth. Using metagenomic screening, contaminant filtering, damagepattern analysis, and phylogenetic inference, we identified 310 microbes associated with differentmammoth tissues. While most microbes were environmental or post-mortem colonizers, we recoveredgenomic evidence of six host-associated microbial clades spanning Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, Streptococcus, and Erysipelothrix. Some of these clades contained putative virulence factors, including aPasteurella-related bacterium that had previously been linked to the deaths of African elephants. Notably,we reconstructed partial genomes of Erysipelothrix from the oldest mammoth sample, representing theoldest authenticated host-associated microbial DNA to date. This work demonstrates the potential ofobtaining ancient animal microbiomes, which can inform further paleoecological and evolutionaryresearch.This is a