(Ebook) Analysis and Design of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems 2nd Edition by Herbert W Stanford III, Adam F Spach ISBN 9780429890871 0429890877

(Ebook) Analysis and Design of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems 2nd Edition by Herbert W Stanford III, Adam F Spach ISBN 9780429890871 0429890877

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ISBN 10: 0429890877
ISBN 13: 9780429890871
Author: Herbert W Stanford III, Adam F Spach

(Ebook) Analysis and Design of Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems 2nd Edition Table of contents:

Section I Basic Concepts

1. HVAC Basics

1.1 Overview of HVAC

1.1.1 Definition of Air-Conditioning

1.1.2 Energy Impact of HVAC Systems

1.2 Buildings as Thermodynamic Systems

1.2.1 Systems Concepts

1.2.2 Energy Gains and Losses in Building Spaces

1.2.3 Building Envelope Design

1.3 Common HVAC Elements

1.3.1 Structural Support for HVAC Components

1.3.2 Electrical Aspects of HVAC Systems

1.4 Definitions of HVAC Terms

Bibliography

2. The Air-Conditioning Process

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Air and Its Properties 34

2.2.1 Atmospheric Air

2.2.2 Water Vapor

2.2.3 Terminology

2.2.4 Basic Psychrometrics

2.3 Methods of Measurement and Analysis

2.3.1 Thermodynamic Wet-Bulb Temperature

2.3.2 The Psychrometer

2.3.3 The Psychrometric Chart

2.4 Typical Air-Conditioning Processes

2.4.1 Sensible Heating or Cooling

2.4.2 Combined Sensible and Latent Cooling (Dehumidification)

2.4.3 Heating and Humidification

2.4.4 Evaporative Cooling

2.4.5 Air Mixing

2.5 Psychrometric Analysis of Complete Systems

2.5.1 Space Heating and Cooling Loads

2.5.2 Sensible Cooling Load

2.5.3 Latent Cooling Loads

2.5.4 Psychrometric Chart Representation of Space Conditions

2.5.5 The Coil Line

2.5.6 Coil Contact and Bypass Factors

2.5.7 Psychrometric Analysis of Complete Systems

Bibliography

3. HVAC Systems Concepts

3.1 Introduction

3.2 All-Air Systems

3.2.1 Single-Zone Systems

3.2.2 VAV Systems

3.2.3 Dual–Duct Systems

3.2.4 Multizone Systems

3.2.5 VAV/Variable Temperature Systems

3.3 Air–Water Secondary Systems

3.3.1 Active and Passive Chilled Beam Systems

3.3.2 FCUs and Unit Ventilators

3.4 Unitary Systems

3.4.1 Incremental Units

3.4.2 Packaged Units

3.4.3 Split Systems

3.4.4 Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems

3.5 Heat Pumps

3.5.1 The Heat Pump Concept

3.5.2 Air-Source Heat Pumps

3.5.3 Water-Source Heat Pumps

3.5.3.1 Closed Circuit Heat Pump Systems

3.5.3.2 Closed Circuit Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

3.5.3.3 Open Circuit Geothermal Heat Pump Systems

3.5.3.4 Gas-Fired Engine-Driven Heat Pumps

3.5.3.5 Heat Recovery Chiller/Heat Pump System

3.5.4 Advanced Technology Heat Pumps

Bibliography

Section II The Design Method

4. HVAC Systems Design

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Criteria for HVAC Design

4.3 Compliance with Building Codes and Standards

4.3.1 International Mechanical Code

4.3.2 International Energy Conservation Code

4.3.3 NFPA Standards and Guidelines

4.3.4 ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines

4.4 Designing for Maintainability

4.4.1 HVAC Equipment Location and Access

4.4.2 Mechanical Equipment Rooms for Air-Handling Equipment

4.4.3 Mechanical Equipment Rooms for Boilers and Chillers

4.4.4 Ceiling Cavity Space

4.5 Designing for Energy Conservation

4.5.1 Introduction to ASHRAE Standard 90.1

4.5.2 Simplified Energy Analysis

4.5.3 Building Energy Modeling

4.5.4 Exhaust Air Heat Recovery

4.5.5 Internal Source Heat Recovery

4.5.6 Thermal Energy Storage

4.6 Designing for Sustainability

4.6.1 High-Performance Building Elements

4.6.2 Introduction to ASHRAE Standard 189.1

4.6.3 Net Zero/Sum Zero-Energy Buildings

4.7 Construction Documents Quality Control

Bibliography

5. Heating/Cooling Load Calculation

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Building Thermal Balance

5.1.2 Purpose of Load Calculations

5.2 Mechanics of Building Heat Loss and Gain

5.2.1 Design Conditions

5.2.2 Heat Transfer through Walls and Roofs

5.2.3 Heat Transfer through Fenestration

5.2.4 Heat Loss through Floors and Basements

5.2.5 Internal Heat Gains

5.2.6 Infiltration Loads

5.3 Load Computation Methodologies

5.3.1 Heat Balance and Radiant Time Series

5.3.2 Total Equivalent Temperature Difference with Time Averaging

5.3.3 Transfer Function

5.3.4 Computer-Based Calculation Tools

5.4 Benchmark Heating/Cooling Loads

Bibliography

6. Air Tempering and Distribution

6.1 Heating and Cooling Coils

6.1.1 Direct Expansion Refrigerant Cooling Coils

6.1.2 Chilled Water Cooling Coils

6.1.3 Hot Water Heating Coils

6.1.4 Steam Heating Coils

6.1.5 Electric Resistance Heating Coils

6.1.6 Preheating and Precooling Coils

6.1.7 Desiccant Cooling and Dehumidification

6.2 Air Distribution Design

6.2.1 Room Air Diffusion

6.2.2 Typical Air Distribution Patterns

6.2.3 Large Space Air Distribution

6.2.4 Displacement Ventilation Air Distribution

6.3 Terminal Units

6.3.1 VAV Single-Duct TUs

6.3.2 VAV Single-Duct Fan-Powered TUs

6.3.3 VAV Dual Duct TUs

Bibliography

7. Duct Design

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Steps in Duct System Design

7.1.2 Duct Air Balancing Rationale

7.2 Energy and Pressure Relationships

7.3 Friction Losses

7.3.1 Calculation of Friction Losses in Ducts

7.3.2 Calculation of Friction Losses in Fittings

7.4 Methods of Duct Design

7.4.1 Constant Velocity Method

7.4.2 Velocity Reduction Method

7.4.3 Static Regain Method

7.4.4 Equal Friction Method

7.4.5 Duct Construction Criteria

7.4.6 Duct Design Guidelines

7.5 Special Exhaust Systems Design

7.5.1 Laboratory Exhaust Systems

7.5.2 Industrial Exhaust Systems

7.6 Duct Insulation

7.7 Fire and Smoke Control in Duct Systems

Bibliography

8. Piping Design

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Viscosity

8.1.2 Weight Density, Specific Volume, and Specific Gravity

8.1.3 Mean Velocity of Flow

8.1.4 Piping Basics

8.2 Hydronic Piping

8.2.1 Pipe Routing and Sizing

8.2.2 Pressure Loss Calculation

8.2.3 Expansion and Air Removal

8.2.4 Freeze Protection

8.3 Steam and Condensate Piping

8.3.1 Pipe Routing and Sizing

8.3.2 Steam Trap Application and Sizing

8.3.3 Control of Steam Piping Expansion

8.4 Refrigerant Piping

8.4.1 Design Considerations

8.4.2 Suction Lines

8.4.3 Liquid Lines

8.5 Piping Insulation

8.5.1 Hot Piping Insulation

8.5.2 Cold Piping Insulation

Bibliography

Section III Systems and Components

9. Pumps and Fans

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Pumps and Applications

9.2.1 Pump Types and Characteristics

9.2.2 Pump Arrangements

9.2.3 Water Flow Volume Control

9.3 Fans

9.3.1 Fan Energy Relations

9.3.2 Fan Types and Characteristics

9.3.3 Fan and System Characteristics

9.3.4 System Effects

9.3.5 Variable Air Volume Fan Control

9.4 Pump and Fan Affinity Laws

Bibliography

10. Terminal Systems and Components

10.1 Systems Types and Applications

10.1.1 Selecting the Right System for the Application

10.1.2 Space Needs and Other Requirements for Terminal Systems

10.2 AHUs and Components

10.2.1 AHUs

10.2.2 Particulate Air Filtration

10.2.3 Gas-Phase Filtration

10.2.4 Ultraviolet Air and Surface Treatment

10.2.5 Airside Economizer Cycle

10.2.6 Cooling Coils Condensate Drainage

10.3 Humidification

10.4 Ventilation and Building Pressurization

10.4.1 Outdoor Air Intakes

10.4.2 Understanding and Applying ASHRAE Standard 62.1

10.4.3 Demand Control Ventilation

10.4.4 Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems

Bibliography

11. Refrigeration Systems and Components

11.1 Refrigeration Basics

11.1.1 Refrigerant Issues

11.1.2 Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle

11.1.3 Vapor Absorption Refrigeration Cycle

11.2 Direct Expansion Refrigeration Systems

11.3 Chilled Water Refrigeration Systems

11.3.1 Determining Chilled Water Supply Temperature

11.3.2 Establishing Chilled Water Temperature Range

11.3.3 Vapor Compression Cycle Water Chillers

11.3.4 Scroll Compressor Water Chillers

11.3.5 Rotary Screw Compressor Water Chillers

11.3.6 Centrifugal Compressor Water Chillers

11.3.7 Absorption Water Chillers

11.3.8 Chilled Water System Configurations

11.3.9 Chilled Water Buffer Tanks

11.4 Condensers and Cooling Towers

11.4.1 Air-Cooled Condensers

11.4.2 Cooling Tower Fundamentals

11.4.3 Tower Configuration and Application

11.4.4 Closed Circuit Evaporative Cooler

11.5 Evaporative Air Cooling

11.6 Waterside Economizer Cycle

Bibliography

12. Heating Systems and Components

12.1 Firing Fossil Fuels

12.1.1 Oil-Fired Systems

12.1.2 Gas-Fired Systems

12.2 Furnaces

12.3 Boilers

12.3.1 Boiler Types, Ratings, and Efficiency

12.3.2 Application Considerations

12.3.3 Boiler/Furnace Venting

12.4 Hydronic Heating Systems

12.5 Steam Heating Systems

12.5.1 Steam Quality

12.5.2 Steam Heat Transfer

12.5.3 Steam-to-Water Heat Exchangers

12.5.4 Feedwater System

12.5.5 Steam Pressure Reducing Valves

12.5.6 Steam Condensate Receivers and Pumps

Bibliography

13. HVAC Controls

13.1 DDC Fundamentals

13.2 DDC Input/Output Points

13.2.1 Input/Output Basics

13.2.2 DI Devices

13.2.3 AI Devices

13.2.4 DO Devices

13.2.5 AO Devices

13.3 Final Control Elements

13.3.1 Control Valves

13.3.2 Control Dampers

13.4 Direct Digital Controllers and Systems

13.4.1 DDC System Architecture

13.4.2 Controllers and Control Loops

13.4.3 Networks and Communication

13.5 HVAC Sequences of Operation

13.6 DDC System Security

13.7 DDC System Design Checklist

Bibliography

Section IV Special Considerations

14. Special HVAC Design Considerations

14.1 Indoor Air Quality

14.2 Antiterrorism Design for HVAC Systems

14.2.1 Introduction

14.2.2 Terror Threats against Buildings

14.2.3 HVAC Design to Minimize Explosive Threats

14.2.4 HVAC Design to Minimize CBR Threats

14.3 HVAC Water Treatment

14.3.1 Hot and Chilled Water Systems Chemical Treatment

14.3.2 Evaporative Cooling Water Systems Chemical Treatment

14.3.3 Evaporative Cooling Water Systems Nonchemical Treatment

14.3.4 Steam and Condensate Systems Chemical Treatment

14.3.5 Legionella Risk Management in HVAC Water Systems

14.4 Vibration and Noise Mitigation

14.4.1 Noise Definition and Design Criteria

14.4.2 Indoor Noise Control in HVAC Systems

14.4.3 Outdoor Noise Issues in HVAC Systems

14.5 HVAC Systems Start-Up and Commissioning

14.5.1 HVAC Systems Operation Prior to Commissioning

14.5.2 The Commissioning Process

14.6 Correcting HVAC Performance for Altitude and Temperature

Bibliography

15. Engineering Economics and Design Decision-Making

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Defining HVAC Design Alternatives

15.3 Estimating Capital Requirements

15.3.1 Capital Cost Estimating

15.3.2 Time/Money Relationships

15.4 Recurring Costs Determination

15.4.1 Utilities Costs

15.4.2 Maintenance Costs

15.5 Component Service Life and Replacement

15.6 Comparing Alternatives and Dealing with Uncertainty

15.6.1 Alternatives with Different Economic Lives

15.6.2 Sensitivity Analysis

15.6.3 Selecting Alternatives within the Project Budget

15.7 Overview of LCCA

15.7.1 Basic Practices for LCCA

15.7.2 Calculations and Analysis Tools

Bibliography

16. Building Information Modeling

16.1 Introduction

16.2 BIM Advantages

16.3 Applying BIM

16.3.1 BIM Use by HVAC Designers

16.3.2 BIM Use by Contractors/Subcontractors

16.3.3 BIM Use by Owners

16.4 AIA Contracts

Bibliography

17. Construction Contract Administration

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Design Period Considerations

17.3 Preconstruction Procedures and Practices

17.4 Construction Period Procedures and Practices

17.5 Completion and Closeout Procedures and Practices

17.6 Avoiding Litigation Pitfalls

17.7 Construction Administration Checklist

17.7.1 Construction Administration Practices and Procedures Checklist

Index

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Tags: Herbert W Stanford III, Adam F Spach, Heating Ventilating, Air Conditioning Systems