(Ebook) Advances in Agronomy 1st Edition by Donald L Sparks ISBN 9780123748195

(Ebook) Advances in Agronomy 1st Edition by Donald L Sparks ISBN 9780123748195

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ISBN 13: 9780123748195
Author: Donald L Sparks

(Ebook) Advances in Agronomy 1st Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Are Biofuels Antithetic to Long-Term Sustainability of Soil and Water Resources?
1. Introduction
2. Some History
2.1. Ethanol as a fuel
2.2. Soil and oil
2.3. Charting our future in the past
3. An Overview of Biofuels
3.1. Ethanol
3.2. Biodiesel
3.3. Cellulosic ethanol
3.4. Biofuel feedstocks and conversion to biofuel
3.5. Bioenergy and biofuel potential on a global scale
4. Sustainability Issues
4.1. Favorable economics?
4.2. Conservation of resources
4.3. Preservation of ecology
4.4. Social justice
5. Summary
References
Chapter 2: A Review of Biochar and Its Use and Function in Soil
1. Introduction
1.1. What is biochar?
1.2. Policy context
1.3. Biochar and the global carbon cycle
1.4. Scenarios for the production and deployment of biochar
1.5. Trading and acceptability issues for biochar carbon
2. Characterization of Biochar
2.1. Quantification of char in soil
2.2. Chemical composition
2.3. Physical characterization
3. Biochar Application in Agriculture
3.1. Historic usage
3.2. Impact on crop produ
3.3. Impact on soil performance and resource implications
3.4. Additional impacts on greenhouse gas balance
4. Research Priorities and Future Challenges
4.1. Mechanistic understanding
4.2. Properties, qualities, and environmental risks
4.3. Modeling capacity for the soil–biochar system
4.4. Barriers and limitations to biochar sy
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 3: Towards a Holistic Classification of Diffuse Agricultural Water Pollution from Intensivel
1. Introduction
2. Defining a Conceptual Framework
2.1. Source aspects
2.2. Mobilization aspects
2.3. Delivery aspects
2.4. Pollutant transport through the framework
3. The Assignment of Pollutants in the Conceptual Framework
3.1. Fine-grained sediment
3.2. Ammonium
3.3. Nitra
3.4. Nitrite
3.5. Phosphorus
3.6. Faecal pathogens
4. Identifying Potential Pollutant SMD Scenarios
4.1. A concentration and discharge case study
5. Summary and Future Research
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 4: A New GIS Nitrogen Trading Tool Concept for Conservation and Reduction of Reactive Nitrog
1. Introduction
2. Understanding the Nitrogen Cycle with Respect to Nitrogen Management and Trading
2.1. Understanding the relationships between the soil–crop–hydrologic cycle and nitrogen trading
2.2. Inputs
2.3. Transformations and pathways for reactive and total nitrogen losses
2.4. Nitrogen management and long-term effects on nitrogen pools
2.5. Relationships: Carbon and nitrogen sequestration and emissions of N2O
3. New Technologies
3.1. Tier one spreadsheet approaches
3.2. New prototypes: Web-based and stand-alone modeling approaches
4. Case Scenarios: GIS Trading Tool Concept Evaluations
4.1. Irrigated systems from dry western US
4.2. No-till systems from north atlantic region
4.3. Manure operations from midwest region
5. Current Applications and Trends
5.1. Water quality markets
5.2. Air quality markets
6. Summary and Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Variability in Harvest Index of Grain Crops and Potential Significance for Carbon Account
1. Introduction
2. Determinants of Harvest Index
2.1. Energy investment in seeds, fruits, and storage organs
2.2. Breeding
2.3. Determinacy
2.4. Effects of pests and diseases
2.5. Temperature extremes during flowering and grain fill
2.6. Pre:Postanthesis water use
2.7. Water use, soil mineral nitrogen, and harvest index of wheat
2.8. Summary of factors influencing HI
3. A Database of Crop Dry Matter, Grain Yields, and Harvest Indices
3.1. Problems with interpretation of agronomic harvest indices
4. Dry Matter, Grain Yield, and Harvest Index Values for Crops
4.1. Wheat
4.2. Barley
4.3. Lupin
4.4. Sorghum
4.5. Chickpea
4.6. Field pea
4.7. Faba Bean
4.8. Canola
4.9. Rice
4.10. Sunflower
4.11. Lentil
4.12. Maize
4.13. Peanut
4.14. Oilseed poppies
5. Crop Harvest Indices and C Accounting
6. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6: The Role of Seed Ecology in Improving Weed Management Strategies in the Tropics
1. Introduction
2. Challenges for Weed Management in the Tropics
3. Role of Seed Ecology in Determining Weed Populations
4. Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Light
5. Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Seed Scarification and Fire
5.1. Effect of seed scarification on germination
5.2. Effect of fire on germination
6. Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Seed Burial Depth, Tillage, and Surface Mulches
6.1. Effect of tillage systems on vertical seed distribution
6.2. Effect of seed burial depths on weed germination
6.3. Role of tillage in weed management in dry- and wet-land conditions
6.4. Role of surface mulches in rainfed and dry direct-seeded crops
7. Responses of Weed Seed Germination to Stresses
7.1. Effect of salt and moisture stress on weed germination
7.2. Role of flooding in lowland conditions
8. Harnessing Knowledge of Seed Ecology for Novel Improved Weed Management Strategies
9. Future Research Needs

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