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0 reviewsSomatosensory neurons encode detailed information about touch and temperature and are the peripheral drivers of pain1,2. Here by combining functional imaging with multiplexed in situ hybridization3, we determined how heat and mechanical Check for updatesstimuli are encoded across neuronal classes and how infammation transforms this representation to induce heat hypersensitivity, mechanical allodynia and continuing pain. Our data revealed that trigeminal neurons innervating the cheek exhibited complete segregation of responses to gentle touch and heat. By contrast, heat and noxious mechanical stimuli broadly activated nociceptor classes, including cell types proposed to trigger select percepts and behaviours4–6. Injection of the infammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 caused long-lasting activity and thermal sensitization in select classes of nociceptors, providing a cellular basis for continuing infammatory pain and heat hypersensitivity. We showed that the capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (ref. 7) has a central role in heat sensitization but not in spontaneous nociceptor activity. Unexpectedly, the responses to mechanical stimuli were minimally afected by infammation, suggesting that tactile allodynia results from the continuing fring of nociceptors coincident with touch. Indeed, we have demonstrated that nociceptor activity is both necessary and sufcient for infammatory tactile allodynia. Together, these fndings refne models of sensory coding and discrimination at the cellular and molecular levels, demonstrate that touch and temperature are broadly but diferentially encoded across transcriptomically distinct populations of sensory cells and provide insight into how cellular-level responses are reshaped by infammation to trigger diverse aspects of pain.
