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Status:
Available0.0
0 reviewsISBN-10 : 1118481429
ISBN-13 : 9781118481424
Author: P. John Shepherd
This book is a comprehensive account of five extended modules covering the key branches of twentieth-century theoretical physics, taught by the author over a period of three decades to students on bachelor and master university degree courses in both physics and theoretical physics.
The modules cover nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, thermal and statistical physics, many-body theory, classical field theory (including special relativity and electromagnetism), and, finally, relativistic quantum mechanics and gauge theories of quark and lepton interactions, all presented in a single, self-contained volume.
In a number of universities, much of the material covered (for example, on Einstein’s general theory of relativity, on the BCS theory of superconductivity, and on the Standard Model, including the theory underlying the prediction of the Higgs boson) is taught in postgraduate courses to beginning PhD students.
A distinctive feature of the book is that full, step-by-step mathematical proofs of all essential results are given, enabling a student who has completed a high-school mathematics course and the first year of a university physics degree course to understand and appreciate the derivations of very many of the most important results of twentieth-century theoretical physics.
I NONRELATIVISTIC QUANTUM MECHANICS
1 Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics
1.1 Probability interpretation of the wave function
1.2 States of definite energy and states of definite momentum
1.3 Observables and operators
1.4 Examples of operators
1.5 The time-dependent Schrödinger equation
1.6 Stationary states and the time-independent Schrödinger equation
1.7 Eigenvalue spectra and the results of measurements
1.8 Hermitian operators
1.9 Expectation values of observables
1.10 Commuting observables and simultaneous observability
1.11 Noncommuting observables and the uncertainty principle
1.12 Time dependence of expectation values
1.13 The probability-current density
1.14 The general form of wave functions
1.15 Angular momentum
1.16 Particle in a three-dimensional spherically symmetric potential
1.17 The hydrogen-like atom
2 Representation Theory
2.1 Dirac representation of quantum mechanical states
2.2 Completeness and closure
2.3 Changes of representation
2.4 Representation of operators
2.5 Hermitian operators
2.6 Products of operators
2.7 Formal theory of angular momentum
3 Approximation Methods
3.1 Time-independent perturbation theory for nondegenerate states
3.2 Time-independent perturbation theory for degenerate states
3.3 The variational method
3.4 Time-dependent perturbation theory
4 Scattering Theory
4.1 Evolution operators and Møller operators
4.2 The scattering operator and scattering matrix
4.3 The Green operator and T operator
4.4 The stationary scattering states
4.5 The optical theorem
4.6 The Born series and Born approximation
4.7 Spherically symmetric potentials and the method of partial waves
4.8 The partial-wave scattering states
II THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS
5 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
5.1 The nature of thermodynamics
5.2 Walls and constraints
5.3 Energy
5.4 Microstates
5.5 Thermodynamic observables and thermal fluctuations
5.6 Thermodynamic degrees of freedom
5.7 Thermal contact and thermal equilibrium
5.8 The zeroth law of thermodynamics
5.9 Temperature
5.10 The International Practical Temperature Scale
5.11 Equations of state
5.12 Isotherms
5.13 Processes
5.13.1 Nondissipative work
5.13.2 Dissipative work
5.13.3 Heat flow
5.14 Internal energy and heat
5.14.1 Joule’s experiments and internal energy
5.14.2 Heat
5.15 Partial derivatives
5.16 Heat capacity and specific heat
5.16.1 Constant-volume heat capacity
5.16.2 Constant-pressure heat capacity
5.17 Applications of the first law to ideal gases
5.18 Difference of constant-pressure and constant-volume heat capacities
5.19 Nondissipative-compression/expansion adiabat of an ideal gas
6 Quantum States and Temperature
6.1 Quantum states
6.2 Effects of interactions
6.3 Statistical meaning of temperature
6.4 The Boltzmann distribution
7 Microstate Probabilities and Entropy
7.1 Definition of general entropy
7.2 Law of increase of entropy
7.3 Equilibrium entropy S
7.4 Additivity of the entropy
7.5 Statistical–mechanical description of the three types of energy transfer
8 The Ideal Monatomic Gas
8.1 Quantum states of a particle in a three-dimensional box
8.2 The velocity-component distribution and internal energy
8.3 The speed distribution
8.4 The equation of state
8.5 Mean free path and thermal conductivity
9 Applications of Classical Thermodynamics
9.1 Entropy statement of the second law of thermodynamics
9.2 Temperature statement of the second law of thermodynamics
9.3 Summary of the basic relations
9.4 Heat engines and the heat-engine statement of the second law of thermodynamics
9.5 Refrigerators and heat pumps
9.6 Example of a Carnot cycle
9.7 The third law of thermodynamics
9.8 Entropy-change calculations
10 Thermodynamic Potentials and Derivatives
10.1 Thermodynamic potentials
10.2 The Maxwell relations
10.3 Calculation of thermodynamic derivatives
11 Matter Transfer and Phase Diagrams
11.1 The chemical potential
11.2 Direction of matter flow
11.3 Isotherms and phase diagrams
11.4 The Euler relation
11.5 The Gibbs–Duhem relation
11.6 Slopes of coexistence lines in phase diagrams
12 Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistics
12.1 The Gibbs grand canonical probability distribution
12.2 Systems of noninteracting particles
12.3 Indistinguishability of identical particles
12.4 The Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein distributions
12.5 The entropies of noninteracting fermions and bosons
III MANY-BODY THEORY
13 Quantum Mechanics and Low-Temperature Thermodynamics of Many-Particle Systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Systems of noninteracting particles
13.2.1 Bose systems
13.2.2 Fermi systems
13.3 Systems of interacting particles
13.4 Systems of interacting fermions (the Fermi liquid)
13.5 The Landau theory of the normal Fermi liquid
13.6 Collective excitations of a Fermi liquid
13.6.1 Zero sound in a neutral Fermi gas with repulsive interactions
13.6.2 Plasma oscillations in a charged Fermi liquid
13.7 Phonons and other excitations
13.7.1 Phonons in crystals
13.7.2 Phonons in liquid helium-4
13.7.3 Magnons in solids
13.7.4 Polarons and excitons
14 Second Quantization
14.1 The occupation-number representation
14.2 Particle-field operators
15 Gas of Interacting Electrons
15.1 Hamiltonian of an electron gas
16 Superconductivity
16.1 Superconductors
16.2 The theory of Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer
16.2.1 Cooper pairs
16.2.2 Calculation of the ground-state energy
16.2.3 First excited states
16.2.4 Thermodynamics of superconductors
IV CLASSICAL FIELD THEORY AND RELATIVITY
17 The Classical Theory of Fields
17.1 Mathematical preliminaries
17.1.1 Behavior of fields under coordinate transformations
17.1.2 Properties of the rotation matrix
17.1.3 Proof that a “dot product” is a scalar
17.1.4 A lemma on determinants
17.1.5 Proof that the “cross product” of two vectors is a “pseudovector”
17.1.6 Useful index relations
17.1.7 Use of index relations to prove vector identities
17.1.8 General definition of tensors of arbitrary rank
17.2 Introduction to Einsteinian relativity
17.2.1 Intervals
17.2.2 Timelike and spacelike intervals
17.2.3 The light cone
17.2.4 Variational principle for free motion
17.2.5 The Lorentz transformation
17.2.6 Length contraction and time dilation
17.2.7 Transformation of velocities
17.2.8 Four-tensors
17.2.9 Integration in four-space
17.2.10 Integral theorems
17.2.11 Four-velocity and four-acceleration
17.3 Principle of least action
17.3.1 Free particle
17.3.2 Three-space formulation
17.3.3 Momentum and energy of a free particle
17.3.4 Four-space formulation
17.4 Motion of a particle in a given electromagnetic field
17.4.1 Equations of motion of a charge in an electromagnetic field
17.4.2 Gauge invariance
17.4.3 Four-space derivation of the equations of motion
17.4.4 Lorentz transformation of the electromagnetic field
17.4.5 Lorentz invariants constructed from the electromagnetic field
17.4.6 The first pair of Maxwell equations
17.5 Dynamics of the electromagnetic field
17.5.1 The four-current and the second pair of Maxwell equations
17.5.2 Energy density and energy flux density of the electromagnetic field
17.6 The energy–momentum tensor
17.6.1 Energy–momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field
17.6.2 Energy–momentum tensor of particles
17.6.3 Energy–momentum tensor of continuous media
18 General Relativity
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Space–time metrics
18.3 Curvilinear coordinates
18.4 Products of tensors
18.5 Contraction of tensors
18.6 The unit tensor
18.7 Line element
18.8 Tensor inverses
18.9 Raising and lowering of indices
18.10 Integration in curved space–time
18.11 Covariant differentiation
18.12 Parallel transport of vectors
18.13 Curvature
18.14 The Einstein field equations
18.15 Equation of motion of a particle in a gravitational field
18.16 Newton’s law of gravity
V RELATIVISTIC QUANTUM MECHANICS AND GAUGE THEORIES
19 Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
19.1 The Dirac equation
19.2 Lorentz and rotational covariance of the Dirac equation
19.3 The current four-vector
19.4 Compact form of the Dirac equation
19.5 Dirac wave function of a free particle
19.6 Motion of an electron in an electromagnetic field
19.7 Behavior of spinors under spatial inversion
19.8 Unitarity properties of the spinor-transformation matrices
19.9 Proof that the four-current is a four-vector
19.10 Interpretation of the negative-energy states
19.11 Charge conjugation
19.12 Time reversal
19.13 PCT symmetry
19.14 Models of the weak interaction
20 Gauge Theories of Quark and Lepton Interactions
20.1 Global phase invariance
20.2 Local phase invariance?
20.3 Other global phase invariances
20.4 SU(2) local phase invariance (a non-abelian gauge theory)
20.5 The “gauging” of color SU(3) (quantum chromodynamics)
20.6 The weak interaction
20.7 The Higgs mechanism
20.8 The fermion masses
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Tags: Course, Theoretical Physics, John Shepherd, comprehensive