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EbookNice Team
Status:
Available5.0
30 reviews
ISBN 10: 0367849259
ISBN 13: 9780367849252
Author: Vladivoj Valkovic
Despite the often difficult and time-consuming effort of performing experiments with fast (14 MeV) neutrons, these neutrons can offer special insight into nucleus and other materials because of the absence of charge. 14 MeV Neutrons: Physics and Applications explores fast neutrons in basic science and applications to problems in medicine, the environment, and security. Drawing on his more than 50 years of experience working with 14 MeV neutrons, the author focuses on: Sources of 14 MeV neutrons, including laboratory size accelerators, small and sealed tube generators, well logging sealed tube accelerators, neutron generators with detection of associated alpha particles, plasma devices, high flux sources, and laser-generated neutron sources Nuclear reactions with 14 MeV neutrons, including measurements of energy spectra, angular distributions, and deductions of reaction mechanism Nuclear reactions with three particles in the final state induced by neutrons and the identification of effects of final state interaction, quasi-free scattering, and charge-dependence of nuclear forces Charged particle and neutron detection methods, particularly position-sensitive detectors Industrial applications of nuclear analytical methods, especially in the metallurgy and coal industries Quality assurance and quality control measures for nuclear analytical methods Nuclear and atomic physics-based technology for combating illicit trafficking and terrorism Medical applications, including radiography, radiotherapy, in vivo neutron activation analysis, boron neutron therapy, collimated neutron beams, and dosimetry This book reflects the exciting developments in both fundamental nuclear physics and the application of fast neutrons to many practical problems. The book shows how 14 MeV neutrons are used in materials detection and analysis to effectively inspect large volumes in complex environments.
1 Introduction
1.1 History: From Discovery to Present
1.2 14 MeV Neutrons and Nuclear Weapons
1.3 Nuclear Physics Probe
1.3.1 Nuclear Data Centers
1.4 Modern Applications
1.4.1 In Fight against Terrorism
1.4.2 In Control of Illicit Trafficking
References
2 Nuclear Reaction d + t → α + n
2.1 Properties of 3H(d,n)4He Nuclear Reaction
2.2 D–T Fusion Reaction: Power Production
2.3 Associated Alpha Particle–Tagged Neutron Beams
References
3 Sources of 14 MeV Neutrons
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Laboratory Size Accelerators
3.3 Small and Sealed-Tube Neutron Generators
3.3.1 VNIIA
3.3.2 Thermo Electron
3.3.3 NSD Fusion
3.3.4 EADS Sodern
3.3.5 Adelphi
3.4 Well Logging Sealed-Tube Accelerators
3.5 Neutron Generators with the Detection of Associated Alpha Particles
3.5.1 Introduction
3.5.2 API-120 Neutron Generator by THERMO
3.5.3 VNIIA Neutron Generator
3.5.4 SODERN Neutron Generators
3.5.4.1 EURITRACK Generator
3.5.4.2 Other SODERN Neutron Generators
3.6 Plasma Devices
3.6.1 Nonlinear Devices, Dense Plasma Focus
3.6.2 NSD Neutron Generators
3.6.3 Berkeley Laboratory Compact Neutron Generators
3.6.4 Adelphi
3.7 High Flux Sources
3.8 Laser-Generated Nanosecond Pulsed Neutron Sources
3.9 Calibrations of 14 MeV Neutron Generators
3.10 New Developments
3.10.1 Computer Chip–Shaped Neutron Source
3.11 Safety and Regulations
3.11.1 Introduction
3.11.2 Technical Aspects of the Neutron Generator Safety
3.11.2.1 Electrical Hazard
3.11.2.2 Radiation Hazards
3.11.3 General Rules
3.11.3.1 Dealing with Electrical Hazards
3.11.3.2 Dealing with Radiation Hazards
3.11.4 Regulations
3.11.4.1 Administrative Work before Buying a Neutron Generator
3.11.4.2 Radiological Aspects
3.11.4.3 Antiproliferation Rules That Apply for Any NG
3.11.4.4 Regulations for Operation
3.11.4.5 Regulations about NG’s End of Life
References
4 Detectors
4.1 Charged Particle Detection
4.2 Scintillation Detectors
4.2.1 Gamma Detection
4.3 Neutron Detection, Neutron–Gamma Separation
4.3.1 Directional Neutron Detectors
4.3.2 New Developments in Neutron Detection
4.4 Personal X-Ray, Gamma, and Neutron Detectors
4.4.1 Innovative Physics
4.4.2 Thermo Scientific
4.4.3 Polimaster
4.4.4 Mirion Technologies (MGP)
4.4.5 Landauer Inc.
4.4.6 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
References
5 Nuclear Reactions Induced by 14 MeV Neutrons
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Experimental Setup, Coincidence Measurements
5.3 Nuclear Reactions on Light Nuclei
5.4 Direct Reactions, Compound Nucleus Formation
5.4.1 Elastic Scattering of 14 MeV Neutrons
5.4.2 Inelastic Scattering of 14 MeV Neutrons
5.4.3 (n, charged particle) Nuclear Reactions
5.4.4 (n,2n) Reactions
5.5 Activation Analysis: (n,p), (n,np), (n,α), (n,nα), (n,n′γ), (n,2n), (n,t), (n,3He) Reactions
5.6 Fission Induced by 14 MeV Neutrons
5.7 Neutron-Induced SEU
References
6 Fast Neutron Activation Analysis: An Analytical Method
6.1 FNAA: Fundamentals and Applications
6.2 QA/QC Measures, Reference Materials
6.2.1 Explosive and CW Simulants
6.3 Process Control of Industrial Production Processes
6.4 Threat Material Detection with PFNA
6.4.1 Explosives
6.4.2 Active Detection of Special Nuclear Material
6.5 Safety Issues
6.5.1 Radiological Risks from Irradiation of Food in Neutron Inspection Systems
6.5.1.1 Introduction
6.5.1.2 Irradiation with Neutron Beams
6.5.1.3 Definition of Safety for Food Irradiation with Neutrons
6.5.1.4 Eritr@C System
6.5.1.5 Conclusions
6.6 Fusion with Other Methods
References
7 Applications of Tagged Neutron Beams
7.1 Use of Tagged Neutron Beams
7.2 Homeland Security Applications
7.3 Detection of Threat Materials (Explosives, Drugs, and Dangerous Chemicals)
7.4 Use of Tagged Neutron Beam for Sea Container Inspection, Transport Infrastructure Control
7.5 Neutron Generators in Extreme Conditions
7.6 More Objects to Be Inspected and Inspection Requirements
7.6.1 Inspecting Underwater Ship’s Hull
7.6.2 Underwater Surveillance System for the Inspection of Strategic Coastal Energy Installations
7.6.2.1 Introduction
7.6.2.2 Objects to Be Inspected and Inspection Requirements
7.6.2.3 Concrete in the Seawater
7.6.2.4 Inspection/Testing of Unclean Structures
7.6.2.5 Inspection/Testing of Clean Surfaces
7.6.3 Small-Scale Variations in the Carbon/Oxygen Ratio in the Environment
7.6.4 Carbon in Soil
7.6.5 Diamond Detection in Kimberlite
References
8 Nuclear Reactions Logging
8.1 Nuclear Well Logging
8.1.1 Nuclear Well Logging in Hydrology
8.1.2 Nuclear Mineral Logging
8.1.3 Nuclear Well Logging in Oil Industry
8.2 Logging with Pulsed Neutron Beam
8.3 Carbon–Oxygen Log
8.4 Small-Scale Variations in C/O Ratios
References
9 Medical Applications of 14 MeV Neutrons
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Biological and Medical Applications
9.3 In Vivo Neutron Activation Analysis
9.4 Neutron Radiography
9.5 Fast Neutron Radiotherapy
9.5.1 Boron–Neutron Capture Therapy
9.6 Collimated Neutron Beams
9.6.1 Slow Neutron Collimators
9.6.2 Use of Collimated Fast Neutron Beam
9.7 Quality Assurance Programs for Diagnostic Facilities
9.8 Production of Radioisotopes Using Fast Neutrons
9.9 Dosimetry
14 mev neutrons
14 mev neutron source
14 mev neutron generator
14 mev
14 mev neutrons physics and applications
a metal with 14 neutrons
c-14 neutrons
Tags: Vladivoj Valkovic, MeV, Neutrons
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